Chapter 2 Quiz

Which of the following is not a characteristic of youthful offenders? a. A likelihood to abuse alcohol b. A large number of siblings c. A weak employment record d. A pattern of getting into trouble while in military service

b. A large number of siblings

Research shows that violence against what group is a potent theme in video games? a. People who are poor b. Senior citizens c. Other young men d. Women

d. Women

What is a career criminal? a. An offender who has only committed a single act b. An offender who persistently engages in criminal acts c. An offender who has renounced their criminal past d. An offender who begins a life of criminality as an adult

b. An offender who persistently engages in criminal acts

Which of the following is an example of recidivism? a. A steep fine for going 20 miles per hour or more over the posted speed limit resulting in the average motorist exceeding the speed limit by only 10 miles per hour b. A person who is incarcerated multiple times throughout their life c. A program of beefed-up police patrols that appear to reduce crime but merely shift it to a more vulnerable neighborhood d. A system in which the police are effective in detecting crime and apprehending criminals and judges and juries are sure to convict the guilty

b. A person who is incarcerated multiple times throughout their life

_______ is more prevalent in neighborhoods that are less disadvantaged, more stable, and contain more people who can be trusted. a. Continuity of crime b. Co-offending c. Aging out d. Early onset

b. Co-offending

The surge in violent crime in the 1980s has been tied directly to which of the following? a. Panhandling b. Crack cocaine epidemic c. Violent video games d. Opioid crisis

b. Crack cocaine epidemic

Which of the following identifies the view that repeat offenders begin their criminal careers at a very young age due to personal and social problems? a. Career criminals b. Early onset c. Persistence d. Chronic offenders

b. Early onset

What is true concerning US firearm homicide? a. It dramatically decreased after 2015 b. It began climbing in 2015 c. It accounted for less than 10 percent of homicides in the United States after 2015 d. It accounted for 90 percent of gun deaths in the United States after 2015

b. It began climbing in 2015

Which of the following is a weakness of the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) as a data collection strategy? a. It excludes characteristics of those who committed crimes b. It only includes police-reported cases c. It includes self-reported surveys d. It is not a representative national sample

b. It only includes police-reported cases

Which of the following trends make efforts to control criminal activity involving guns difficult? a. Guns are sold illegally in pawn shops b. Most guns come from out of state c. Guns can be homemade and untraceable d. Licensed dealers do not do background checks

b. Most guns come from out of state

Why can the figures cited by the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) be misleading? a. All multiple-victim offenses are treated the same even though they aren't b. Police departments vary in the way they record, classify, and report crimes c. The FBI reports federal crimes differently than state ones d. All crimes are reported in multiple crime situations, making the counting tedious

b. Police departments vary in the way they record, classify, and report crimes

Regarding the relationship between violent media and crime, research has found which of the following? a. There is an inverse correlation b. There is a direct correlation c. Research has provided mixed results d. There is no correlation

c. Research has provided mixed results

A mass shooting is typically defined as________________. a. The killing or injury more than 20 people b. the killing or injury of a large number of people c. The killing or injury of 4 or more people d. The killing or injury of more than 5 people

c. The killing or injury of 4 or more people

Which of the following would be classified as a Part II crime? a. An individual speeding on a public road b. An individual selling cocaine to another person c. An individual breaking into a home d. An individual robbing a liquor store

b. An individual selling cocaine to another person

The consequence of a lack of income and other resources, which cumulatively leads to poverty, is the definition for which of the following? a. Expressive crime b. Resource deprivation c. Income inequality d. Instrumental crime

b. Resource deprivation

The belief that police officers may be reluctant to take aggressive action is known as ______. a. Racial profiling b. The Ferguson effect c. Meta-analysis d. The chivalry hypothesis

b. The Ferguson effect

A disturbing post-COVID-19 trend has been a rise in mass shootings, fueled by which of the following? a. Rise of violence in video games b. The easy availability of guns c. A feeling of a loss of political power d. The side effects of quarantine

b. The easy availability of guns

The federal government sponsors the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) to address which issue? a. The limitations of the NIBRS caused by only recording and tracking nonviolent crimes b. The nonreporting of crimes by victims causing an inaccurate measure of criminal activity c. The fact that the NIBRS overutilizes subjective National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data d. The cost associated with maintaining the Uniform Crime Report (UCR)

b. The nonreporting of crimes by victims causing an inaccurate measure of criminal activity

The belief that apprehension and punishment seem to have little effect on the offending behavior of chronic offenders resulted in what policy? a. Cangue b. Three-strikes c. Aging out d. Persistence

b. Three-strikes

What is the relationship between early-onset criminality and crime? a. Increasing globalization and interdependence provide more economic opportunities and lessen the risk of youth resorting to crime as a means to establish financial independence b. Youth who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems from an early age are the most at risk of repeat offending throughout their life c. It is the assumption that crime is wholly related to rates of immigration and resulting workplace competition and that any drop in that rate will serve to discourage crime among adolescents d. As a society increases the levels of punishment that are applied to crime, deterrence will occur as youth will be less inclined to commit criminal acts out of fear of the consequences

b. Youth who have been exposed to a variety of personal and social problems from an early age are the most at risk of repeat offending throughout their life