Chapter 2 Terms & Learn Smart
characteristics of telecommuting
* 30-40% telecommute for part of a job * enhanced productivity and retention * decreased absenteeism * enhanced retention
select ways to reduce cognitive dissonance
*change your attitude or behavior *find consonant elements that outweigh the dissonant ones *belittle the importance of the inconsistent behavior
when an employee enjoys the work being done and has a positive attitude, which of the following will be true?
*the employee will be more agreeable to working harder *the employee will be more open to taking on greater burdens or more work.
met expectations
Meet expectations of employees about what they will receive from job
select the person factors that contribute to employee engagement
Personality Human and social capital positive psychological capital
Personal Attitudes
Specific Via intentions Targeted
perceived behavior control
The perceived ease or difficulty of performing the behavior, assumed to reflect past experience or anticipated obstacles
Personal Values
Variously Global Broad
commitment
a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets
Values
abstract ideals that guide one's thinking and behavior across all situations
components of overall attitude
affective cognitive behavioral
Withdrawal Cognitions
capture this thought process by representing an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting
the fact that at work some coworkers remain satisfied in situations where others always seem dissatisfied is the idea behind
disposition/genetic components.
when people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance, they are demonstrating.
employee engagement
Gallup has estimated that when employees are highly _____________ it can achieve 12% higher customer satisfaction and loyalty ratings
engaged
disposition
hire employees with an appropriate disposition
the positive outcomes of job satisfaction include
job involvement motivation
Counterproductive work behavior has a strong negative relationship with
job satisfaction
According to Shwartz's theory, and employee who values tradition will not want to work:
on a holiday
elements of bipolar dimension
openness to change conservation
workplace attitudes managers pay attention to
organizational commitment job satisfaction employee engagement perceived organizational support
the idea that we are motivated by the norm of reciprocity is the basic premise of
perceived organization
according to Ajzen, someone's intention to engage in a given behavior is a strong _________ of that behavior
predictor
psychological contracts
represent an individual's perception about the reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another party
Attitudes
represent our feelings or opinions about people, places, and objects and range from positive to negative
job involvement
the extent to which an individual is personally engaged or dedicated to a job
Values remain mostly stable across
time and situations
In Schwartz's theory, which of the following values are dimensions of conservation?
tradition conformity security
conservation elements
tradition security
Job satisfaction and performance are moderately related
true
perceptions of organizational support can be either positive or negative
true
hiring people who fit within a firm's culture is a good way to tackle the problem of employee
turnover
need fulfillment
understand and meet employee needs
Employee engagement feeling components
urgency focus intensity enthusiasm
To achieve ___________, managers should structure work and its associated rewards to reinforce employees' values
value attainment
characteristics related to OCB
*they promote the firm's productivity *they are voluntary
Phychological Contract
a person's perception about the terms and conditions of a reciprocal exchange between him or herself and another
Flextime
a policy of giving employees flexible work hours so they can come and go at different times, as long as they work a set number of hours.
subjective norm
a social factor representing the perceived social pressure for or against the behavior.
telecommuting
allows employees to do all or some of their work from home using advanced technology and internet tools to send work
job satisfaction
an affective or emotional response toward various facets of one's job
withdrawal cognitions
an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called
Workplace Attitudes
an outcome of various OB-related processes, including leadership
Determinants of Intention
attitude toward behavior, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control
motives that influence intention
attitude toward the behavior subjective norm perceived behavior control
counterproductive work behavior
behavior that harms other employees, the organization as a whole or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders
talking to team members working on a class project about solutions to obstacles can increase perceived ________ control and create positive intentions about doing the work
behavioral
cognitive
beliefs or ideas that one has about a given object or situation
in Schwartz's value theory, values are organized into two
bipolar dimension
a force that binds an individual to a course of action of relevance to one or more targets is ______
commitment
hiring people whose personal values align with the organization's is a good way to increase employee
commitment
examples of organizational citizenship behavior
constructive statement about the departments respect for the spirit as well as the letter of housekeeping rules expression of personal interest in the work of others suggestions for improvement training of new people
affective
feeling or emotions that one has about a given object or situation
______________ is when an organization gives employees flexible work hours that allow people to come and go at different times as long as they work an expected number of hours and can be used to increase employee commitment
flextime
examples of counterproductive work behavior
gossiping bullying drug and alcohol abuse theft destroying firm property backstabbing deliberately poor or incorrect work internet surfing for personal reasons excessive socializing tardiness sabotage sexual harassment
counterproductive work behavior (CWB)
harms other employees, the organization as a whole, and/or organizational stakeholders such as customers and shareholders
job satisfaction
has a positive association with behavioral outcomes like job performance and OCB
behavioral
how one intends or expects to act toward someone or something
organizational citizenship
individual behavior that is discretionary and not part of a formal reward system and promotes the effective performance of the firm
organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
individual behavior that is discretionary, not directly or explicitly recognized by the formal reward system, and that in the aggregate promotes the effective functioning of the organization
Role modeling desired behaviors is an effective way to impact the _______ of others and increase ___________ norms about doing work
intentions and subjective norms
Turnover has a moderately strong, negative relationship with
job satisfaction
Workplaces attitudes result from OB-related processes such as __________
leadership
low job satisfaction and low employee engagement imply lower task performance and higher employee turnover which demonstrates the ______ between two of the four key workplace attitudes and other desired outcome
link
The difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job and what he or she actually receives is called
met expectations
equity
monitor employees' perception of fairness
which of the following are positively associated with organizational support in firms?
more commitment to the organization less tendency to resign better job satisfaction employee engagement
Attitudinal outcomes of job satisfaction
motivation job involvement, withdrawal cognitions, perceived stress
when a work environment generally matches an employee's values, the which of the following are at their greatest?
positive employee attitudes employee motivation
when you motivate an employee, you are taking part in which type of process?
psychological
Perceived organizational support is related to low tendency to _______ among employees.
quit
job satisfaction
reflects the extent to which a person likes his or her job
Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
reflects the extent to which employees believe their organization values their contributions and genuinely cares about their well-being
which value is likely to be strongest in people who lived during the Great Depression
security
Schwartz's first bipolar dimension includes
self-transcendence and self-enhancement
openness to change elements
stimulation self-direction
negative outcomes of job satisfaction
stress withdrawal
Equity theory
that managers must interact with employees and monitor their treatment is the basic premise of this theory
value attainment
that satisfaction results from the perception that a job allows for fulfillment of an individual's important work values
organizational commitment
the extent to which an individual identifies with an organization and commits to its goal it exists to the degree that an employee's personal values match the values present in a firms culture
employee engagement
the harnessing of organization members' selves to their work roles: when people express themselves physically, cognitively, and emotionally during a role performance, they are demonstrating.
Which of the following are true about values
they can guide behavior subconsciously the are generally stable
understanding workplace attitudes is valuable for which of the following reasons
they predict likely behavior
which of the following is true about attitudes?
they range from positive to negative
which of the following can be conflicting cognition under the definition of cognitive dissonance
values ideas beliefs emotions
an individual's overall thoughts and feelings about quitting and the thought process that encapsulates this are called
withdrawal cognitions
select all the job dimensions in the JDI tool developed at Cornell University
work pay promotion coworkers supervision
methods to boost job satisfaction
need fulfillment met expectations value attainment equity disposition
________ are physiological or psychological deficiencies that arouse behavior
needs
perceived stress
negative association with employee engagement
Bullying
occurs when an individual experiences a number of negative behaviors repeatedly over a period of time.
Ways employee engagement can be increased
offering career and developmental opportunities for employees listening and communicating effectively recognizing people for good work organizing framework is positively oriented
Managers track the four key workplace attitudes because they
represent important outcomes they are working to enhance. link to other outcomes managers will want to improve
met expectations
represent the difference between what an individual expects to receive from a job, such as good pay and promotional opportunities, and what he or she actually receives
cognitive dissonance
represents the psychological discomfort a person experiences when simultaneously holding two or more conflicting cognitions (ideas, beliefs, values, or emotions)
Select the situation factors that drive employee engagement
stressors job characteristics leadership
value attainment
structure the job and its rewards to match employee values
attitude toward the behavior
the degree to which a person has a favorable or unfavorable evaluation of the behavior in question
