Chapter 20

Which statement is NOT correct about PTH?

PTH decreases the activity of osteoclasts.

Which of the following glands has both an endocrine and an exocrine function?

Pancreas

If a chemical agent acted to make the nuclear envelope pores impermeable to the passage of hormones, what effect would it have?

Peptide hormones would continue to be effective but steroid hormones would be ineffective.

What are the chemical signals that act between two individuals of the same species?

Pheromones

Which statement is NOT true about steroid hormones?

Steroid hormones act faster than peptide hormones.

Which of the following statements about T3 and T4 is not true?

T4 has more potent activity than T3.

Which group of pituitary hormones will act upon other endocrine glands?

TSH, ACTH, and gonadotropic hormones

In contrast to most other hormones, oxytocin has what unique property?

The action of oxytocin builds in a positive feedback loop rather than maintaining an equilibrium

Which statement is correct about the location of adrenal glands in the body?

The adrenal glands sit on the superior surface of the kidneys.

The condition that results when there is an increased production of human growth hormone in an adult is termed

acromegaly.

Prostaglandins

act locally

Cortisone is derived from the hormone cortisol that is released from the

adrenal cortex

When Lauren reached the age of puberty, she did not undergo the expected changes. Today, at 17, she has still not undergone puberty. What endocrine gland could be the issue?

adrenal cortex

Which structure is NOT stimulated by the anterior pituitary?

adrenal medulla

Which hormone is mismatched?

aldosterone—iodine

What is the exocrine role of the pancreas?

The pancreas secretes digestive juices into the small intestine.

Which statement is correct about the location of the parathyroid glands?

The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.

Which of the following is not an effect of insulin?

The small intestine decreases the absorption of nutrients from the digestive tract.

Endocrine glands have no ducts.

True

Which statement is correct about the role of the ovaries?

Under the influence of gonadotropic hormones the ovaries produce eggs as well as estrogen and progesterone.

Which of the following does not pertain to hormones?

are all carried in the bloodstream

Which of the following symptoms is NOT characteristic of diabetes mellitus?

bronzing of the skin

Which of the following hormones is produced by the thyroid gland and controls blood calcium levels?

calcitonin

Type I diabetes is NOT

caused by obesity

Which of the following hormones is considered a glucocorticoid?

cortisol

Which disease results when the adrenal cortex produces too much hormone?

crushing syndrome

Which is NOT a correct association for hormonal disorders?

diabetes—either the pancreas produces too much insulin or liver and muscle cells have too many receptors

Glucagon stimulates the liver to take up glucose in order to store it as glycogen.

false

The role of the second messenger is to carry the message of the hormone on to surrounding cells

false

the thyroid is in the abdomen, on top of the kidneys.

false

The hypothalamus controls the anterior pituitary via

hormones in a portal blood system

he part of the brain controlling the anterior pituitary gland secretions is the

hypothalamus

What is the cascade of events that follows a stress or trauma to produce adrenal reaction?

hypothalamus (ACTH-releasing hormone) → anterior pituitary (ACTH) → adrenal cortex glucocorticoids

A hormone that acts on the hypothalamus to signal satiety is

leptin

College students are notorious for having a reversed day-night schedule. They stay up all night and sleep during the day. This alteration changes what hormone levels?

melatonin

What hormones produced by the adrenal cortex regulate salt and water balance?

mineralocorticoids

Where are the adrenal glands located?

near the kidneys

The production of hormones is usually controlled in what two ways?

negative feedback and other hormone actions

What is "tetany"?

ontinuous muscle contractions from low blood calcium

When Rebekah went in to deliver her first child, her labor did not progress. The doctors gave her a hormone to speed the birthing process. Which hormone did they give her?

oxytocin

which region of the human body is least likely to produce pheromones?

palms

Weakened bones can result from an oversecretion of the

parathyroid gland.

In the following pairs, which lists the first messenger followed by a second messenger?

peptide hormone; cAMP

Which gland will produce melatonin?

pineal gland

Which is NOT a correct consequence of surgical removal of portions of these glands?

pineal gland—decrease in T cell immune function

Which is NOT a correct association?

platelet-derived growth factor—increases the size of platelets

Which of the following endocrine gland does NOT produce its own hormones but stores hormones produced by the hypothalamus?

posterior pituitary

Which of the following is NOT a correct association?

posterior pituitary—growth hormone

Exophthalmia can sometimes be cured by

surgically removing a portion of the thyroid, or destroying part of it with radiation.

Absence of the parathyroid hormone causes

tetany

Jason is having problems with his metabolic rate. He cannot seem to burn calories and gains weight even on a severely reduced caloric intake. What endocrine gland is probably not involved in this problem?

thymus

In the past, the parathyroid glands were sometimes mistakenly removed during surgery when another part of the body was removed. Which part was being removed?

thyroid

Too much urine indicates

too little ADH

The sex hormones produced by the gonads will negatively feedback and regulate the production of hormones from the anterior pituitary.

true

Type 1 diabetes is the most common form of diabetes in the U.S..

False

he beta cells of the pancreas produce somatostatin, the alpha cells produce glucagon, and the delta cells produce insulin.

False

What is the role of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors?

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factors cause the bone marrow stem cells form into different types of white blood cells.

Oversecretion of thyroid hormone results in

Graves Disease

What is the potential benefit for a woman to choose a mate who has a different major histocompatibility complex than themselves?

Increased immune response for their offspring.

Which statement is correct about the role of mineralocorticoids?

Mineralocorticoids are used to regulate salt and water balances in the body that leads to an increase in the blood volume and blood pressure.