Chapter 20 A&P
4 ) Lymph vessels do NOT transport . A ) leaked plasma proteins B ) lymphocytes C ) dietary fats D ) excess tissue fluid . E ) erythrocytes
E ) erythrocytes
58 ) Where are the lymph node aggregations most dense ?
Lymph node aggregations are most dense near the body surface in the inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body.
57 ) How does the lymphatic system both help and hinder the spread of cancer through the body ?
Lymph nodes help rid the body of cancer cells by immune mechanisms. Lymph vessels may also be used to spread cancer cells throughout the body if immunity is not effective against the cancer cells because a cancer cell that escapes lymphatic filtration will reach the bloodstream and be carried anywhere in the body.
1 ) Which lymphoid organs and tissues are characterized by a cortex and medulla ? A ) lymph nodes and thymus only B ) lymph nodes , spleen , and mucosa - associated lymphoid tissues ( MALT ) only C ) lymph nodes , thymus and spleen only D ) spleen and thymus only
A ) lymph nodes and thymus only
10 ) Peyer's patches are found in the distal portion of the A ) small intestine B ) stomach C ) esophagus D ) large intestine
A ) small intestine
36 ) Which of the following structures is NOT considered mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue MALT ) ? A ) thymus B ) appendix C ) Peyer's patches D ) tonsils
A ) thymus
47 ) Axillary node ( s ) .
B
26 ) Which of the following statements is FALSE ? A ) Only lymph nodes filter lymph . B ) T lymphocytes originate from the red bone marrow . C ) The thymus consists mainly of lymphoid tissue . D ) Antibodies mark antigens for destruction .
C ) The thymus consists mainly of lymphoid tissue .
14 ) What is a bubo ? A ) a lobe of the spleen B ) a wall in a lymph node C ) an infected lymph nodel D ) an infected Peyer's patch
C ) an infected lymph nodel
11 ) Lymphatic capillaries are present in A ) bone marrow B ) CNS C ) digestive organs D ) bones and teeth
C ) digestive organs
3 ) The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the A ) palatine tonsils B ) pharyngeal tonsils C ) lingual tonsils D ) Peyer's tonsils
C ) lingual tonsils
22 ) Which of the following correctly describes the pathway of lymph ? B ) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks A ) lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts to lymphatic capillaries D ) lymphatic ducts to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic capillaries C ) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts
C ) lymphatic capillaries to lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks to lymphatic ducts
7 ) The lymphatic capillaries are A ) completely impermeable . B ) less permeable than blood capillaries C ) more permeable than blood capillaries D ) as permeable as blood capillaries
C ) more permeable than blood capillaries
2 ) Which of the following is NOT a function of the spleen ? A ) house B and T lymphocytes B ) remove and recycle old erythrocytes and platelets C ) produce new erythrocytes in adults D ) store iron from hemoglobin
C ) produce new erythrocytes in adults
51 ) What is the consequence of obstruction of the lymphatics ?
Obstruction of the lymphatic results in edema distal in the body to the obstruction
8 ) Which lymphoid organ atrophies as we age ? A ) appendix B ) spleen C ) tonsils D ) thymus
D) thymus
85 ) Receives lymph from most of the body .
E ) Thoracic duct
56 ) How does the structure of a lymph node allow lymphocytes and macrophages to perform their protective function ?
56) Macrophages and lymphocytes are located in lymph nodes. Macrophages ingest microorganisms and cellular debris. Lymphocytes monitor the lymphatic stream for the presence of antigens and mount an immune response. Because there are fewer efferent vessels draining the node than afferent vessels that feed it, the flow of lymph through the node stagnates somewhat, allowing time for the lymphocytes and macrophages to work
61 ) How are lymphatic capillaries affected by tissue inflammation ?
61) When tissues become inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of larger particles such as cell debris, pathogens (disease-causing microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses), and cancer cells. In the lymph nodes, cells of the immune system "examine" the lymph and cleanse it of debris.
63 ) Characterize lymph transport in terms of rate , volume , and ability to change .
63) Lymph transport is sporadic and much slower than that occurring in veins. About 3 liters of lymph enters the bloodstream in a 24-hour period. An increase in physical activity will cause lymph flow to increase, balancing the greater rate of fluid outflow from the vascular system.
64 ) How do the lymphatic capillaries differ from blood capillaries ?
64) Although similar to blood capillaries, lymphatic capillaries differ structurally in the following ways: (1) The endothelial cells forming the walls of lymphatic capillaries are not tightly joined. Their edges loosely overlap one another, forming flaplike minivalves. (2) Bundles of fine filaments anchor the endothelial cells to surrounding structures so that arty increase in interstitial fluid volume separates the cell flaps, exposing gaps in the wall rather than causing the lymphatic capillary to collapse.
45) Trabecula
A
49 ) Entrance of thoracic duct into subclavian vein .
A
89 ) Small organs intimately associated with lymphatic vessels .
A ) Lymph nodes
29 ) The thymus is most active during A ) childhood B ) middle age C ) old age D ) fetal development
A ) childhood
35 ) Functions of the spleen include all of those below EXCEPT A ) forming crypts that trap bacteria B ) storage of blood platelets C ) storage of iron D ) removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood
A ) forming crypts that trap bacteria
23 ) Mucosa - associated lymphoid tissues include all of the following EXCEPT A ) islets of Langerhans B ) Peyer's patches C ) palatine tonsils D ) lingual tonsils
A ) islets of Langerhans
13 ) Fats absorbed from the small intestine are transported to the bloodstream via A ) lacteals B ) tonsils C ) lymph nodes . D ) Peyer's patches
A ) lacteals
18 ) Small secondary lymphoid organs , which cluster along lymphatic vessels , are termed A ) lymph nodes B ) lacteals C ) lymphatics D ) lymph follicles
A ) lymph nodes
25 ) Select the correct statement about lymph transport . A ) Lymph transport is only necessary when illness causes tissue swelling . B ) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues , such as stoletal muscles . C ) Under normal conditions , lymph vessels are very high - pressure conduits . D ) Lymph transport is faster than that occurring in veins .
B ) Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues , such as stoletal muscles
20 ) Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the spleen ? A ) Clusters of white pulp look like islands in a sea of red pulp . B ) Red pulp is where immune functions take place . C ) The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ . D ) The splenic artery and vein enter and exit the spleen at the hilum .
B ) Red pulp is where immune functions take place .
84 ) Stores blood platelets .
B ) Spleen
87 ) Largest lymphatic organ .
B ) Spleen
17 ) The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does NOT A ) have a cortex and medulla B ) directly fight antigens C ) produce hormones D ) have lymphocytes
B ) directly fight antigens
39 ) Lymph leaves a lymph node via A ) the cortical sinus B ) efferent lymphatic vessels C ) afferent lymphatic vessels . D ) the subcapsular sinus
B ) efferent lymphatic vessels
5 ) Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system ? A ) lymph nodes B ) erythrocytes C ) lymphatic vessels D ) lymph
B ) erythrocytes
33 ) Flow of lymph through a lymph node is slowed due to A ) the viscous nature of lymph B ) fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it C ) mini - valves D ) the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages
B ) fewer efferent vessels draining it compared to many afferent vessels feeding it
37 ) Which of the following would NOT be classified as a lymphoid organ ? A ) tonsils B ) pancreas C ) spleen D ) Peyer's patches of the intestine
B ) pancreas
19 ) Large clusters of lymph nodes are NOT found in the . region . A ) axillary B ) popliteal C ) inguinal D ) cervical
B ) popliteal
16 ) Although B and T lymphocytes originate in the bone marrow , T cells mature in the . A ) spleen B ) thymus C ) appendix D ) tonsils
B ) thymus
28 ) Which lymphoid organ or tissue lacks a reticular fiber stroma ? A ) lymph nodes B ) thymus C ) mucosa - associated lymphoid tissue ( MALT ) D ) spleen
B ) thymus
30 ) Which of the following is considered a primary lymphoid organ ? A ) tonsils B ) thymus C ) spleen D ) appendix
B ) thymus
9 ) Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a A ) appendix B ) tonsil C ) thymus D ) Peyer's patch
B ) tonsil
62 ) What is the special role of the thymus gland ?
By secreting hormones, the thymus gland causes T lymphocytes to become immunocompetent (able to defend against specific pathogens in the immune response).
43 ) Cortex .
C
52 ) Thoracic duct .
C
12 ) Select the correct statement about lymphocytes . A ) T cells are the only form of lymphocyte found in lymphoid tissue . B ) T cells are the precursors of B cells . C ) B cells produce plasma cells , which secrete antibodies into the blood . D ) The two main types are T cells and macrophages .
C ) B cells produce plasma cells , which secrete antibodies into the blood .
86 ) Isolated clusters of lymph follicles found in the wall of the small intestine .
C ) Peyer's patches
24 ) The blood testis barrier is to newly formed sperm cells as the blood thymus barrier is to A ) plasma cells B ) white pulp C ) T lymphocyte precursors D ) mast cells
C ) T lymphocyte precursors
48 ) Cisterna chyli .
D
59 ) Medulla .
D
60 ) Medullary cord .
D
32 ) Which of the following statements regarding the thymus is FALSE ? A ) It does not directly fight antigens . B ) Its stroma consists of epithelial tissue . C ) It functions strictly in T lymphocyte maturation . D ) It has follicles similar to those in the spleen .
D ) It has follicles similar to those in the spleen
88 ) Protein - containing fluid within lymphatic vessels .
D ) Lymph
41 ) Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue . A ) Lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood . B ) T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances . C ) Once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue , it resides there permanently . D ) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue .
D ) Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue .
6 ) Which of the following is NOT a method that maintains lymph flow ? A ) valves in lymph vessel walls B ) breathing C ) skeletal muscle contraction D ) capillary smooth muscle contraction
D ) capillary smooth muscle contraction
40 ) Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by A ) medullary cords B ) lymph nodes C ) T. lymphocytes D ) plasma cells
D ) plasma cells
34 ) From the right leg , lymph moves in which order ? A ) right lumbar trunk , thoracic duct , right subclavian vein B ) right lumbar trunk , right lymphatic duct , right subclavian vein C ) right lumbar trunk , right lymphatic duct , left subclavian vein D ) right lumbar trunk , thoracic duct , left subclavian vein
D ) right lumbar trunk , thoracic duct , left subclavian vein
27 ) When the lymphatic structures of a limb are blocked due to tumors , the result is A ) abnormally high lymph drainage from the distal region B ) increased pressure in the lymphatics proximal in the limb to the blockage C ) shrinkage of tissues distal in the limb to the blockage due to inadequate delivery of lymph D ) severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb
D ) severe localized edema distal to the blockage of that limb
31 ) Lymph traveling from the left arm would enter the venous circulation via the A ) cisterna chili B ) right lymphatic duct C ) axillary nodes D ) thoracic duct
D ) thoracic duct
38 ) Tonsils have blind - ended structures called . that trap bacteria and particulate matter . A ) lymphoid follicles B ) tonsillar corpuscles C ) germinal centers D ) tonsillar crypts
D ) tonsillar crypts
21 ) Which of the following is NOT a function of the lymphatic system ? A ) transporting dietary fats B ) draining excess interstitial fluid C ) carrying out immune responses D ) transporting respiratory gases
D ) transporting respiratory gases
15 ) Lymphatic are formed from the union of the largest collecting lymphatic vessels . A ) nodes . B ) ducts C ) capillaries D ) trunks
D ) trunks
46 ) Collecting lymphatic vessels .
E
54 ) Efferent vessels .
E
65 ) Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine .
False
76 ) Like blood , lymph flows both to and from the heart .
False
77 ) In the spleen , red pulp is involved in the immune functions and white pulp is involved in disposing of worn - out RBCs .
False
80 ) The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response .
False
81 ) There are more efferent lymphatic vessels leaving a lymph node than there are afferent vessels entering a lymph node .
False
82 ) The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs .
False
55 ) Describe the mechanisms by which lymphatic fluid is moved through the lymphatics .
Lymphatic fluid is moved through the lymphatics by the milking action of active skeletal muscles, pressure changes within the thorax during breathing, valves to prevent backflow, and pulsation of adjacent arteries.
44 ) Define the term MALT . What is its function ?
MALT is an acronym for mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues. It includes Peyer's patches, the appendix, and the tonsils in the digestive tract, lymphoid follicles in the walls of the bronchi, and genitourinary tract. Collectively, MALT protects passages open to the exterior from foreign matter invading the walls.
50 ) Name the tonsils and state their body locations .
Palatine tonsils are located on either side at the posterior end of the oral cavity. The lingual tonsil lies at the base of the tongue. The pharyngeal tonsil is in the posterior wall of the nasopharynx. The tiny tubal tonsils surround the openings of the auditory tubes into the pharynx.
53 ) List the functions of the spleen .
The spleen's main functions are to remove aged or defective blood cells and platelets from the blood and to store or release some of the breakdown products of RBCs to the blood for processing by the liver. Other functions include acting as a blood filter and reservoir, serving as a site for erythrocyte production in developing embryos, storing blood platelets, and providing a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.
42 ) Describe the structural and functional relationship between a capillary bed of the blood vascular system and lymphatic capillaries .
True
66 ) The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not DIRECTLY fight antigens
True
67 ) Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system .
True
68 ) Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries .
True
69 ) Lymph capillary permeability is due to minivalves and protein filaments .
True
70 ) About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph .
True
71 ) Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins
True
72 ) Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue , then move to other parts of the body .
True
73 ) Because lymph vessels are very low - pressure conduits , movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics .
True
74 ) The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein - containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream .
True
75 ) The most important of the secondary lymphoid organs in the body are the lymph nodes .
True
78 ) Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue .
True
79 ) When tissues are inflamed , lymphatic capillaries permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris , pathogens , and cancer cells .
True
83 ) If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten - year - old child , it will most likely regenerate itself
True
