Chapter 20

What is the best way to estimate the MAP?

Take the diastolic pressure and add one-third of the pulse pressure.

Why do fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end?

The net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.

What is(are) the physiological purposes of vasoreflexes?

To cause a generalized raising or lowering of blood pressure throughout the body and to selectively modify the perfusion of a particular organ by rerouting blood from one region of the body to another

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along which nerve(s)?

Vagus Nerve

Diastolic pressure is the minimum arterial blood pressure occurring during which of the following?

Ventricular relaxation

Which of the following does not aid in venous return?

Venule suction

Why does exercise increase venous return?

Blood vessels of the skeletal muscles, lungs, and coronary circulation dilate, increasing flow.

Identify the incorrect statement regarding the fundamental causes of edema.

Capillary reabsorption does not depend on oncotic pressure.

Where are baroreceptors found?

Carotid sinuses

Which of the following is not a mechanism that assists venous return?

Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules

How do materials get from the blood to the surrounding tissues?

Diffusion, filtration and absorption, and transcytosis

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via which nerve?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Where are arterial anastomoses, in which two arteries merge, found?

In the coronary circulation

Which of the following will not increase the heart rate?

Increased blood pressure

What does decompensated shock result in?

Ischemia and acidosis of the brainstem, myocardial ischemia, several life-threatening positive feedback loops, and disseminated intravascular coagulation

Which of the following contains chemoreceptors?

Medulla oblongata

During exercise, the adrenal medulla and sympathetic nerves cause which of the following to occur?

Arterioles dilate in response to epinephrine and norepinephrine.

Which term refers to the feedback response to blood pressure changes?

Baroreflex

Which of the following is not detected by chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies?

Blood Pressure

Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end reenters the capillaries at the venous end?

90%

What is the main chemical stimulus for cerebral autoregulation?

pH

Blood usually passes through one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until the time it returns, but there are exceptions, notably the __________.

portal systems and anastomoses