Chapter 20 (Diseases of the Endocrine systems)

The health care professional knows her instruction on label reading is effective when the client states: a. Add the grams of total carbohydrate and grams of sugars together to determine the amount of carbohydrate in the food. b. Adjust the total carbohydrates by subtracting the fiber grams provided in each serving. c. Use only the grams of sugar in each serving to determine carbohydrate choices. d. Combine the sugar and fiber in each serving to determine carbohydrate choices.

b. Adjust the total carbohydrates by subtracting the fiber grams provided in each serving.

Ketone bodies are a result of a condensation reaction of: a. glucose units. b. fat molecules. c. proteins. d. carbohydrates.

b. fat molecules.

Type 2 diabetes is associated with: a. autoimmune diseases. b. insulin resistance. c. destruction of pancreatic beta cells. d. viral infection.

b. insulin resistance.

Which food would have the least effect on blood glucose levels? a. fruit juice b. whole-grain cereal c. biscuit d. vanilla wafer

b. whole-grain cereal

Mr. Sanchez, a 52-year-old male, is being discharged from the hospital. He participates freely in the discussion during discharge instructions for managing type 2 diabetes. Which statement indicates some understanding of his nutrition plan? a. "I should avoid dried beans and peas because they have too much starch." b. "Green peas and green beans are both in the vegetable exchange group." c. "Sausage won't make my blood sugar go up but it will clog my arteries." d. "If I don't want to drink 8 oz. of skim milk, I can drink 4 oz. of whole milk instead."

c. "Sausage won't make my blood sugar go up but it will clog my arteries."

All of the following examples represent one portion of a carbohydrate-containing food except: a. 1 medium apple. b. 1 slice of bread. c. 1 cup cooked pasta. d. 1 small baked potato.

c. 1 cup cooked pasta.

Which of the following statements is true regarding carbohydrate in the diabetic diet? a. Low-carbohydrate diets are recommended. b. All concentrated sweets should be avoided. c. High-fiber, complex carbohydrates are emphasized. d. Simple carbohydrates should be emphasized.

c. High-fiber, complex carbohydrates are emphasized.

Which of the following statements best describes the appropriate use of alcohol by individuals with diabetes? a. It should not be used. b. It should be used 3-4 times/week only. c. It should be consumed in moderation with meals. d. It should be consumed on an empty stomach.

c. It should be consumed in moderation with meals.

_____ is/are the loss of small quantities of urinary protein during the early stages of diabetic nephropathy. a. Polyuria b. Glycosuria c. Microalbuminuria d. Advanced glycation end-products

c. Microalbuminuria

If an individual has not eaten for most of the day, what mechanism is triggered to maintain blood glucose? a. insulin is released b. epinephrine is released c. glucagon is released d. pH remains in the normal range

c. glucagon is released

If an individual has not eaten for most of the day, what mechanism is triggered to maintain blood glucose? a. insulin is released b. epinephrine is released c. glucagon is released d. pH increases

c. glucagon is released

Which of the following statements best describes the appropriate use of alcohol by individuals with diabetes? a. It should not be used. b. It should be used 3-4 times/week only. c. It should be consumed on an empty stomach. d. It should be consumed in moderation with meals.

It should be consumed in moderation with meals.

The nurse recognizes that the diabetic client understands the principles of her diet when she states: a. "I need to eat about the same amount of carbohydrate at about the same time each day." b. "I need to restrict my carbohydrate intake and avoid concentrated sweets." c. "I need to severely limit my fat intake and choose only complex carbohydrates." d. "I need to restrict my carbohydrate and fat intakes, but increase my protein intake."

a. "I need to eat about the same amount of carbohydrate at about the same time each day."

Which of the following is the most important goal for both medical and nutrition therapy for diabetes? a. blood glucose control b. blood pressure control c. optimal blood lipid levels d. prevention of complications

a. blood glucose control

What is Type 2 diabetes most closely associated with? a. autoimmune diseases b. insulin resistance c. destruction of pancreatic beta cells d. viral infection

insulin resistance

Which of the following receives a high priority in the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of its beneficial effects in improving blood glucose control, improving blood lipids, and reducing blood pressure? a. physical activity b. a low-fat diet c. avoiding sugar d. sodium-restricted diet

physical activity

Why do people with type 1 diabetes need insulin? a. they have become insulin resistant b. they have developed hyperinsulinemia c. they no longer synthesize sufficient insulin d. their gut digests insulin with GI enzymes

they no longer synthesize sufficient insulin

What is equivalent to one carbohydrate serving? [mark all correct answers] a. 1 slice bread b. small whole apple c. 1 oz baked fish d. 1/2 cup cooked spinach e. 1 cup fat free milk f. 1 oz cheddar cheese g. 1/2 cup sweet peas

1 slice bread small whole apple 1 cup fat free milk 1/2 cup sweet peas

Why are ketone bodies made in the body? a. Because too much fat was consumed b. Because too few calories from carobhydrate were consumed c. Because blood sugars fell too low. d. Because too little oxygen was inhaled.

Because too few calories from carobhydrate were consumed

Which of the following foods provides the quickest rise in blood sugars? a. Low fat yogurt b. Peanut butter c. Plain tea d. Grape juice

Grape juice

Which of the following statements is true regarding carbohydrate in the diabetic diet? a. Low-carbohydrate diets are recommended. b. All concentrated sweets should be avoided. c. High-fiber, complex carbohydrates are emphasized. d. Simple carbohydrates should be emphasized.

High-fiber, complex carbohydrates are emphasized.

Which of the following receives a high priority in the treatment of type 2 diabetes because of its beneficial effects in improving blood glucose control, improving blood lipids, and reducing blood pressure? a. physical activity b. a low-fat diet c. weight loss d. a sodium-restricted diet

a. physical activity

What risk factors increase the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes? [mark all correct answers] a. hypertension b. aging c. sedentary lifestyle d. abdominal obesity

aging sedentary lifestyle abdominal obesity

If using multiple daily injections to manage type 1 diabetes, ideally _____ insulin is injected to meet basal needs and ____ insulin is used before meals. a. rapid-acting, long-acting b. rapid-acting, intermediate-acting c. long-acting, rapid-acting or short-acting d. long-acting, intermediate-acting

c. long-acting, rapid-acting or short-acting

People with type 1 diabetes need insulin because they a. have become insulin resistant. b. have developed hyperinsulinemia. c. no longer synthesize sufficient insulin. d. digest insulin with GI enzymes.

c. no longer synthesize sufficient insulin.

Which of the following foods provides the quickest rise in blood sugars? a. Low fat yogurt b. Peanut butter c. orange juice d. Plain tea

c. orange juice

All of the following foods would be appropriate to include in the diet of a person with diabetes except: a. dried beans and peas. b. fruits. c. whole milk. d. whole-grain breads.

c. whole milk.

Which food would have the least effect on blood glucose levels? a. fruit juice b. biscuit c. vanilla wafer d. carrots

carrots

The risk of developing type 2 diabetes is increased by all of the following except: a. abdominal obesity. b. aging. c. sedentary lifestyle. d. hypertension.

d. hypertension.