Chapter 20 Tobacco
carcinogen
a cancer-causing substance
carbon monoxide
a colorless, odorless, and poisonous gas, is another compound found in cigarette smoke. It is absorbed more easily than oxygen. it deprives the body's tissues and cells of oxygen.
tobacco cessation program
a course that provides information and help to people who want to stop using tobacco.
emphysema
a disease that destroys the tiny air sacs in the lungs. the air sacs become less elastic, making it more difficult for the lungs to absorb oxygen. a person with this uses up to 80% of his or her energy just to breathe
stimulant
a drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs
3,561
a person smoking one pack of cigarettes a day will spend this much a year
addictive drug
a substance that causes physiological or psychological dependence.
nervous system
addiction and stroke
coronary heart disease and stroke
can be caused by nicotine. nicotine constricts blood vessels, which cuts down the blood flow to the body's limbs. nicotine also contributes to plaque build up in the blood vessels, which can lead to hardened arteries, a condition called arteriosclerosis. arteris may become clogged, increasing the risk of heart attack and stroke. the risk of developing heart disease is greater for smokers than for nonsmokers
lung cancer
can develop when the cilia in the bronchi are destroyed, and extra mucus cannot be expelled. cancerous cells can multiply, block the bronchi, and move to the lungs.
chronic bronchitis
can occur when the cilia in the bronchi become so damaged that they are useless. this leads to the build up of tar in the lungs, causing chronic coughing an excessive mucus secretion
excretory system
cancer of the bladder, cancer of the kidneys
digestive system
cancers of the mouth and esophagus, gum recession ,tooth decay, tooth loss, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, cancers of the stomach and pancreas
cigars
contain significantly more nicotine and produce more tar and carbon monoxide than cigarettes. one of these can contain as much nicotine as an entire pack of 20 cigarettes. increase the risk of developing cancers of the lips, mouth, throat, larynx, lungs, and esophagus
respiratory system
coughing, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, lung cancer
87%
how many cancer deaths result from smoking?
50
how many chemicals are cancer-causing carcinogens
4,000
how many chemicals does ets contain
3,000
how many deaths does secondhand smoke cause from lung cancer each year
3 times
how much higher is the exposure to harmful chemicals in smokeless tobacco than in that of cigarettes
tobacco legislation
in 1998, tobacco companies and 46 states reached a legal settlement that restrictis tobacco advertising aimed at young people. tobacco companies are required to fund ads that discourage young people from smoking. it is illegal for someone under 18 to purchase in the United states
circulatory system
increased heart rate and blood pressure, hardened arteries, decreased blood flow, heart attack, stroke
nicotine substitutes
products that deliver small amounts of nicotine into the user's system while he or she is trying to give up the tobacco habit. these include gum patches, nasal sprays, and inhalers.
environmental tobacco smoke
secondhand smoke, is air that has been contaminated by tobacco smoke. is composed of mainstream smoke and sidestream smoke
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome.
nicotine
the addictive drug found in tobacco leaves
167 billion
the cost of tobacco related illnesses cost the united states
88%
the percentage of high school students nationwide that do not smoke
nicotine withdrawal
the process that occurs in the body when nicotine, an addictive drug, is no longer used. symptoms can include irritability, difficulty concentrating, anxiety, sleep disturbances, and cravings
mainstream smoke
the smoke exhaled from the lungs of a smoker
sidestream smoke
the smoke from the burning end of the cigarette, pipe, or cigar. more dangerous than mainstream smoke.
tar
thick, sticky, dark fluid produced when tobacco burns. this damages a smoker's respiratory system by paralyzing and destroying cilia, the tiny hairlike structures that line the upper airways and protect the body against infection. also destroys the alveoli, or air sacs which absorb oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.
leukoplakia
thickened, white, leathery-looking spots on the inside of the mouth that can develop into oral cancer.
smokeless tobacco
tobacco that is sniffed through the nose, held in the mouth, or chewed. sometimes called spit tobacco. the nicotine and carcinogens in these products are absorbed into the blood through the mucus membranes in the mouth aor the digestive tract.
90%
what percentage of adult smokers began the habit as teenagers
90%
what percentage of lung cancer deaths are caused by smoking?
