Chapter 21 (16)

Which of these statements is true about Leon Battista Alberti's treatise On the Art of Building?

- Alberti believed that architectural design should reflect the laws of nature and conform to mathematical formulas for beautiful proportions. - Two of Alberti's prescriptions for good architectural design were in contrast to the long tradition of building basilican churches with nave arcades, he believed that the central pan was the ideal form for churches and that arches should not rest on columns. - Alberti's treatise, in addition to serving as a practical manual for architects, also celebrated and sought to ennoble the profession of architect.

The man credited with establishing the Venetian High School of painting was __________________. In his painting In Saint Francis in the Desert he emulated the _________________ masters and filled his painting with symbols and allusions.

- Giovanni Bellini - Netherlandish

what is significant about Nanni di Banco's Four Crowned Saints

- He created a unified composition not tied to the niche or the architecture - Positioned the figures in a semicircle within the niche an had them relate to each other by posture and gesture

Masaccio carried further the innovations that would be embraced by the renaissance artist by introducing a whole new repertoire of representational devices that generations of Renaissance painters later studied and developed. These innovations can be seen in the Tribute Money. Which of these are examples of these innovations.

- Masaccio's figures recall Giotto's in their simple grandeur, but they convey a greater psychological and physical credibility. - Masaccio created the figures' bulk through modeling not with a flat, neutral light lacking an identifiable source but with a light coming from a specific source outside the picture. The light comes from the right and strikes the figures at an angle, producing the illusion of deep sculptural relief. Giotto used light only to model the masses. - The figures in Tribute Money are solemn and weighty, but they also move freely and reveal body structure. Masaccio's representations adeptly suggest bones, muscles, and the pressures and tensions of joints. - Masaccio's arrangement of the figures is equally inventive. The artist grouped them in circular depth around Jesus, and he placed the whole group in a spacious landscape, rather than in the confined stage space of earlier frescoes. - Masaccio depicted the building in perspective, locating the vanishing point, where all the orthogonals converge, at Jesus' head. - He also diminished the brightness of the colors as the distance increases, an aspect of atmospheric perspective.

The fresco Birth of the Virgin by Domenico Ghirlandaio was commissioned by Giovanni Tornabuoni for the Dominican church Santa Maria Novella. In the painting we see an image of Tornabuoni's daughter Ludovica leading a procession of women. Her appearance in the painting is

- conspicuous evidence of the secularization of sacred themes - of the importance of women in Florence's elite families ?? also maybe??

In Perugino's Christ Delivering the Keys of the Kingdom to St. Peter, the artist has reminded the viewer of the link between Constantine, St. Peter, and the basilica of St. Peter. Which of the following is the vehicle used as that reminder?

- the triumphal arches in the background

In Burunelleschi's Churches San Lorenze and Santo Spirito the restrained color scheme of white stucco wall surfaces and molding in gray became standard in Florentine churches for _________________ years.

500

The intersection of art with humanist doctrines during the Renaissance is evident ___________

?? Quizlet says all?

The development of linear perspective is generally credited to _________________.

Brunelleschi

In the ________________, Mantegna performed a triumphant feat by producing the first completely consistent illusionistic decoration of an entire room. By integrating real and painted architectural elements, Mantegna illusionistically dissolved the room's walls in a manner foretelling 17th-century __________________ decoration with Mantegna's trompe l'oeil (French, "deceives the eye") design and the room's decoration with the first perspective of a ceiling seen from below.

Camera Picta; Baroque

The First Renaissance sculptor to portray the nude male figure in statuary was

Donatello

The classical principle of contrapposto, or weight shift, was reintroduced into western art by the sculptor

Donatello in Saint Mark

although this work of art is based on Roman imperial portraits such as that of Marcus Aurelius (7-59), the artist departed from his model in significant ways. He did not represent the figure as larger than the horse. Instead, the power of the rider is communicated through his facial expression. He is a man of unshakable will.

Donatello, Gattamelata

Which Italian city played the most important role in the development of Renaissance ideas and art forms in the early fifteenth century?

Florence

A major change had taken place in the representation of pictorial space as seen in this work ___________________________. In the panel the artist created a deep, logical space. The artist created the illusion of space partly through the use of linear perspective and partly by sculptural means. He represented the pavement on which the figures stand according to a painter's vanishing point perspective construction, but the figures appear almost fully in the round.

Ghiberti, Isaac and his Sons, Gates of Paradise, Baptistery Doors, Florence

Why is the subject of Piero della Francesca's Resurrection atypical for its location?

It is a religious subject matter the Resurrection of Christ for a secular building, the town hall.

In Masaccio's Trinity, he embodies two principal Renaissance interests. One is realism based on observation. Which of the following is the other?

It is the application of mathematics to pictorial organization of perspective.

How did this artist "temper naturalism with artistic license"?

Mantegna, Foreshortened Christ. While at first glance this appears to be a realistic study in foreshortening, careful scrutiny reveals that the artist sidestepped the perspective system. He reduced the size of Christ's feet, which would have covered much of his body if represented according to the rules of perspective.

The most remarkable aspect of the Birth of Venus is that Botticelli used the nude, especially the female nude, which was exceedingly rare during the ___________. But it went unchallenged, it was susceptible to the Renaissance _________________________ reading-will immediately contemplate spiritual and divine beauty whenever they behold physical beauty. In this manner, _________________________________ patrons made classical learning and Christian faith compatible.

Middle Ages, Neo-Platonic, Italian Renaissance

_____ reveals the artist deep interest in the properties of light and color. In his effort to make the clearest possible distinction among forms, he flooded he is pictures with light. To avoid heavy shadows, he illuminated the dark sides of his forms with reflected light. By moving to darkest tones of his modeling toward the centers of his volumes, he separated shapes from their backgrounds in gained spatial clarity.

Piero's Enthroned Madonna and Saints Adored by Federico da Montefeltro

Which of the following artists departed from the rule of frontality that dominated sculpture since the Middle Ages?

Pollaiuolo

Which of the following artists was most interested in depicting the human body in violent action?

Signorelli

__ was considered the greatest patrons of art in fifteenth-century Florence. They used their wealth and position to shape the political structure of Florence and to commission art and architecture on a scale rarely seen.

The Medici Family

In Masaccio's Trinity, the vanishing point can be found at which of the following?

at the foot of the cross??

By ____ Donatello revolutionized relief sculpture in his image of Saint George Slaying the Dragon.

creating an atmospheric effect using incised lines

Donatello, David and Verrocchio, David both images represented the 15th century city of

florence?

How does Gentile da Fabriano reconcile the Adoration of the Magi with the current trends in Florentine Renaissance art?

he depicted animals from a variety of angles and foreshortened their forms convincingly

In Masaccio's Expulsion of Adam and Eve from Eden Adam's feet clearly come into contact with the ground. Which of the following is the interpretation for this?

it marks the human presence on earth

is a mathematically based system that creates a window into space in which all parallel lines that are perpendicular to the picture plane converge at a single point known as the vanishing point, which falls on the horizon.

linear perspective

Botticelli's style is clearly distinct from the earnest search many other artists pursued to comprehend humanity and the natural world through a rational, empirical order. Indeed, Botticelli's elegant and beautiful ________________ seems removed from all the scientific knowledge 15th-century artists had gained in the areas of ____________________. For example, _________________________.

linear style; perspective and anatomy; the seascape in Birth of Venus is a flat backdrop devoid of atmospheric perspective

Most scholars regard Brunelleschi's Ospedale degli Innocenti as the first building to embody the new Renaissance architectural style. Both plan and elevation conform to a ___________ that embodies the rationality of classical architecture.

module

In 1401 an important competition was held to determine the design of the Baptistery doors for the Cathedral of Florence. Even at this early date Renaissance traits were evident. Which of the following is/are example/examples of those traits

pictorial illusionism?

Which of the following describes the style of Fra Angelico?

simple and direct

Ghiberti's competitive panel for the Baptistery doors of the Florence Cathedral shows classical references that reflect influences of humanism. Which of the following is a classical reference seen on Ghiberti's panel?

the naked figure of Isaac

In Albertis' renovation of the façade for the Sant'Andrea, Mantua, Italy, he incorporated two major ancient Roman architectural motifs, ___________________.

the temple front and the triumphal arch