Chapter 21

Thermophiles

Heat lovers.

Many kinds of bacteria are ____________ that are ____________.

Heterotrophs; saprophytes.

Halophilic bacteria possess a pigment related to ____________ that absorbs solar energy to pump chloride ions, keeping them alive under such saline conditions.

Bacteriorhodopsin.

Such prokaryotic organisms reproduce asexually through ____________.

Binary fission.

When unfavorable growth conditions (for binary fission) are present, however, some bacteria form ____________.

Endospores.

The members of kindgdom fungi are:

Nonphotosynthetic, eukaryotic organisms with cell walls.

Lichens

Organisms that consist of a symbiotic relationship between a fungus and either an alga or a cyanobacterium.

Bacteria and other organisms that are capable of causing harm to their host are called ____________.

Pathogens.

What accurately describes a difference between fungi and plants?

Plant cells contain chloroplasts, while fungal cells lack chloroplasts.

Bacteria are ____________ organisms lacking membrane-bound organelles.

Prokaryotic.

The domain Archaea is comprised of ____________ organisms.

Prokaryotic.

Amoeboid protozoans

Protozoans that have extensions of their cell surface called pseudopods in which the cytoplasm flows.

The main environmental factors that affect microorganism growth include chemical inhibitors, oxygen, pH, nutrients, moisture and...

Temperature.

What is the most important environmental factor influencing bacterial growth?

Time.

For example, ____________ are salt loving bacteria.

Halophiles.

Protozoa

Members of kingdom Protista; eukaryotic, heterotrophic, single-celled organisms that lack cell walls.

Some Archaea live at extreme ____________.

pHs.

How many generations does it take for a single bacterial cell to become 256?

8.

Spore

A cell with a tough, protective cell wall that can resist extreme conditions.

Ciliates

A group of protozoans with a complex cellular structure and numerous short, flexible extensions from the cell called cilia.

Mycotoxins

A number of fungi that produce deadly poisons.

Bloom

A rapid increase in the population of microorganisms in a body water.

Microorganism (or microbe)

A tiny organism that usually cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope.

Endospore

A unique bacterial structure with a low metabolic rate that can withstand hostile environmental conditions and germinate later, when there are favorable conditions to form a new, actively growing cell.

Slime molds

Amoeba-like organisms that crawl about and digest dead organic matter.

2 kinds of Mycorrhizae:

Arbuscular (cells of fungi that penetrate the cells of plant roots), and ectomycorrhiza (fungal cells that surround the root cells but do not invade them).

Above 100° C (212°F) most bacteria...

Are destroyed.

Primary method of reproduction in microorganisms:

Asexual. (capable of sexual)

Mycorrhizae

Associations between certain fungi and the roots of plants.

Members of this diverse possess diverse ____________ types in order to enhance their survival in extreme conditions.

Cell wall.

With ideal environmental factors, the reproduction rate of bacteria is...

Extremely rapid.

Binary fission occurs when ____________ growth conditions are present.

Favorable.

Endospores are resistent structures that contain cytoplasm and genetic material, and can ____________ when favorable conditions resume.

Germinate.

Fungi are divided into subgroups based on their methods of ____________.

Reproduction.

Extreme halophiles

Salt lovers.

2 kinds of funguslike protists:

Slime molds and water molds.

At freezing temperatures, most bacteria...

Stop growing, but are not dead.