Chapter 21 - America and the Great War

What three things happened at the Argonne Forest in 1918?

the war ended when an armistice was signed, more than a million U.S. troops joined a major offensive against the Germans, and both sides suffered terrible casualties

War expenses... (complete the sentence)

vastly increased the federal budget.

The new Bolshevik rulers of Russia __________ at the Paris Peace Conference.

were unrepresented

In the presidential election of 1916, Woodrow Wilson... (complete the sentence)

won by a small margin.

What are three weapons that first came into wide use in World War I?

airplanes, mustard gas, and tanks

What are three things that described the status of the German war effort in November 1918?

allied forces were on the verge of invading the German homeland, a convoy system had mostly neutralized the German U-boat threat, and hundreds of thousands of German soldiers had been captured

In his dealings with Mexico, what two actions did Wilson take?

alternately supported and opposed a series of leaders who were vying for power and on two occasions sent troops across the border, where they clashed violently with the Mexican army

How did Americans generally percieve the widespread use of submarine warfare by the Germans?

as a barbaric tactic

Theodore Roosevelt's early support of the development of American sea power was a result of his... (complete the sentence)

belief in America's duty to police the world.

New technologies used by the navy in the war included what three advancements?

diesel submarines, wireless telegraphy, and turbine propulsion

The powerful backlash against the federal government's heavy-handed actions during the period of the "Red Scare" resulted in what three things?

end of A. Mitchell Palmer's career, creation of an organization for protecting civil liberties which would become the ACLU, and damage to the Democratic Party

The Sabotage Act and the Sedition Act, both passed in 1918, did what three things?

expanded the meaning of the Espionage Act, made it illegal for people to publicly oppose the war, and allowed officials to prosecute citizens who criticized the president or the government

A trade agreement reached by Japan and the United States in 1905... (complete the sentence)

fell apart in the years that followed.

What three events were significant in prompting the Red Scare?

formation of the Communist International, post office intercepting explosive parcels, and explosions in eight cities within minutes of one another

Wilson's Fourteen Points included what three stipulations?

general principles to govern international conduct, a proposal for a League of Nations, and recommendations for adjusting postwar boundaries

As their case moved through the legal system, public support for Sacco and Vanzetti... (complete the sentence)

grew significantly.

Ratified in the summer of 1920, the Nineteenth Amendment... (complete the sentence)

guaranteed women the right to vote.

What three things did Marcus Garvey urge his followers to do?

have pride in their own race and culture, create black-owned businesses, and build a new society in Africa

Race riots were not new in American history, but the riots of 1919 had a significant difference in that they... (complete the sentence)

involved African Americans fighting back.

What two things correctly describe the War Industries Board?

it did not perform well at first and it was established to coordinate military supply purchases

What two reasons was Panama chosen as the canal's location?

it offered a shorter route than the alternatives and a French company had already done some of the work there

What two things correctly describe the seizure of Veracruz, Mexico, by American forces in 1914?

it was instigated by Wilson after Huerta's army refused to show penance for arresting several U.S. soldiers and it caused over a hundred casualties

What three actions did the Roosevelt administration take in support of its canal project in Panama.

landed troops in the area, supported a local revolution, and recognized Panamanian independence

When he began his tenure as president, what was Wilson's experience in international affairs?

limited

To finance the war, the U.S. government relied primarily on what two forms of finance?

new taxes and the sale of bonds

The leaders of the Allied powers __________ Wilson's postwar plans.

opposed

As Wilson's support for military preparedness grew in 1915 and 1916, the peace faction of the Democratic Party... (complete the sentence)

remained strong and active.

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, whose assassination sparked the war, was a key figure in what empire?

the Austro-Hungarian Empire

The first opportunity for using the Roosevelt Corollary was a crisis in what country?

the Dominican Republic

What three things prompted the United States to enter the war against Germany in 1917?

the Zimmerman telegram, German naval strategy, and threats to U.S. commerce

What happened in the wake of a strike by the Boston police force in September 1919?

the city erupted in violence and looting and the National Guard was summoned to restore order

What did a work stoppage by thousands of steelworkers in September 1919 lead to and how did the public view it?

the death of 18 strikers and was widely opposed by the public

Who orchestrated the Palmer raids against alleged radicals?

the federal government

Between 1920 and 1921, what three things marked the postwar inflation and caused a severe recession?

the loss of nearly 5 million jobs, the bankruptcy of 100,000 businesses, and a sharp decline in the gross national product

What are three things that contributed to workers' discontent in 1919?

the return of veterans to the workforce, inflation, and difficult working conditions

The sinking of the __________ with 128 Americans aboard by a German U-boat made many Americans angry at Germany.

Lusitania

Who was once a lieutenant of the Mexican leader Carranza, but later his rival for power?

Pancho Villa

What did a strike by shipyard workers in Seattle in January 1919 result in?

A general strike that brought life in the city to a standstill.

What are two examples that were among the problems faced by President Wilson at home as the war came to a close?

Republicans captured majorities in both the House and the Senate and domestic economic trouble weighed more heavily than peace negotiations in the elections

What happened at a peace conference in Portsmouth, New Hampshire, in 1905?

Roosevelt pressured Russia to accept Japan's territorial gains.

In 1917 the United States began sending American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) troops to resist the German invasion of what country?

France

Who were the most frequent targets of the anti-disloyalty groups?

German Americans

Roosevelt wanted the U.S. government to police the world. Therefore, he build up the navy until, by 1906, it was second in size only to what nation's navy?

Great Britain

The "__________ __________" after World War I led to new, large, African American communities arising in northern cities.

Great Migration

How did Wilson react to the Senate's reluctance to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?

He adamantly refused to make even minor changes.

How did World War I affect African Americans?

It increased their determination to fight for their rights.

Who wrote, in 1920, that the class of "fighting faiths" was best resolved "by free trade in ideas—that the best test of truth is... the competition of the market."

Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes

The term "Dollar Diplomacy" primarily referred to... (complete the sentence)

Taft's efforts to extend American investments into less-developed regions.

What did foreign minister Arthur Zimmermann's telegram to the government of Mexico primarily involve?

The idea that Mexico could regain its "lost provinces" in the American Southwest if it joined the war on Germany's side.

What was it about the remoteness of foreign affairs that appealed to Theodore Roosevelt and later presidents?

The president could act with less regard for Congress.

True or false: The Committee on Public Information encouraged reporters to exercise "self-censorhip" when covering the war.

True

What are three things that occurred in the presidential election of 1920?

Wilson's postwar vision was repudiated by voters, the public felt a general sense of disillusionment after the end of World War I, and Republican Warren Harding won in a landslide