chapter 21 smartbook

What effects does maternal chlamydia have on their newborns?

-Conjunctivitis -Pneumonia

Chronic prostatitis is often caused by which of the following?

mixed bacterial biofilms

Second phase of leptospirosis

the blood infection is cleared by the body's natural defenses

Chlamydia infections are transmitted in which two ways?

-sexual contact - vertical transmissoin

Which of the following are considered discharge diseases?

-trichomoniasis -gonorrhea -chlamydia

Females will exhibit signs and symptoms of gonorrhea in which of the following systems?

-urinary -reproductive

According to the World Health Organization how many new STIs are transmitted every day?

1,000,000 (1 million)

What is a sexually transmitted infection?

A disease transmitted through intimate physical contact

Approximately ______% of males infected with N. gonorrhoeae are asymptomatic and ______% of women with gonorrhea are asymptomatic. Gonorrhea can be spread by those individuals.

1. 10% 2. 50%

What is the approximate risk of catching syphilis from an infected sexual partner?

12-30%

___ % of untreated babies born to chlamydia infected mothers will acquire chlamydial conjunctivitis and pneumonia.

50

Ten to forty percent of women in the US are colonized asymptomatically by a group ________ Streptococcus in their reproductive tract.

B

HPV has been linked to what cancers?

Cervical Mouth/throat Penile

Those infected with N. gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with which of the following? It is imperative that treatment should target that microorganism as well.

Chlamydia

____ diseases are those sexually transmitted infections in which the infectious agent causes an increase in fluid excreted from male and female reproductive tracts.

Discharge

Which of the following is a major virulence factor of the syphilis spirochete?

Easily penetrates bloodstream

True or false: A vaccine currently exists for gonorrhea.

FALSE

True or false: Herpes simplex is always a sexually transmitted disease.

False

True or false: Those infected with N. gonorrhoeae are frequently coinfected with HIV, complicating treatment.

False

Which virus infects the oral mucosa?

HSV-1

Genital herpes infections are more commonly caused by which agent?

HSV-2

Which of the following describes the initial infection with genital herpes?

It is extremely variable.

_____ are typical spirochete bacteria with tight, regular, individual coils and a hook at one or both ends known to cause a zoonotic infection in humans.

Leptospires

Painful urination, discharge, and urethritis are common signs and symptoms of chlamydia in which of the following?

Males

A medical laboratory would use what tool to diagnose infection with Candida?

Microscope

Yeast infections are usually diagnosed by which of the following?

Microscopic examination of pelvic smear

What prevention is used with at-risk persons for syphilis infection?

Prophylactic antibiotics

Gonorrhea infections can be prevented by which of the following means?

Safe sex practices

STDs are now termed STIs which stands for this

Sexually transmitted infections

True or false: Persons with syphilis often have an additional infection with another STI.

TRUE

True or false: The disease syphilis may have latent periods which vary in length.

TRUE

Which of the following best describes the current status of syphilis infection worldwide?

The frequency is increasing worldwide, especially in Africa and Asia.

Why does chlamydia put a woman at greater risk for pelvic inflammatory disease?

The initial infection is asymptomatic.

Which of the following describes oncogenes?

They can turn normal cells into cancer cells.

The chance of HIV infection is greatly increased with the open lesions seen in genital ______ disease.

Ulcer

What infection results in inflammation of the vagina and presents with some degree of vaginal itching?

Vaginitis

Females of which of the following ages are more likely to harbor Chlamydia?

adolescents

What universal prevention is used to prevent newborns from gonorrhea complications?

antibiotic ointment applied to eyes

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test, performed to diagnose syphilis, tests for which of the following?

antigens that appear in an infected host

Which of the following is the main drug used to treat Chlamydia infection?

azithromycin

Acute prostatitis is almost always caused by which of the following?

bacterium

An infection of which of the following is called cystitis?

bladder

How are discharge diseases transmitted?.

bodily fluid contact with mucosa

Neisseria gonorrhoeae grows best in an atmosphere containing increased levels of which of the following gases?

carbon dioxide

The vesicles seen in initial genital herpes infections are filled with which of the following?

clear fluid

_____ syphilis is an infection of the fetus or newborn acquired from maternal infection in utero.

congenital

The core of an effective syphilis prevention program is which of the following?

detecting and treating sexual contacts

Herpes is transmitted through which of the following?

direct contact with secretions

Neonates born to mothers with gonorrhea are at risk for which type of serious infections?

eye

Salpingitis is a possible signs/symptoms of chlamydia in which of the following?

females

Which type of streptococcal colonization is an important consideration in late term pregnancy?

group B Streptococcus

Secondary syphilis is characterized by which of the following?

hair loss systemic rashes

What structure(s) does Treponema use to bind to mucous membranes or skin?

hooked tip

HPV stands for ____ _____

human papillomavirus

Which of the following provide the reservoir for pathogenic strains of Chlamydia trachomatis?

humans

An infection of which of the following is called pyelonephritis?

kidneys

Vaginosis is best described as a shift from a predominance of "good" bacteria, like_______, in the vagina to a predominance of "bad" bacteria.

lactobacilli

Prostatitis occurs in which of the following?

men

The main virulence factor for cancer-causing HPVs are ______ , which code for proteins that interfere with normal cell division.

oncogens

In the early phase of leptospirosis, _____.

pathogen appears in blood and cerebrospinal fluid

Because women do not seek treatment for asymptomatic chlamydia, they are at a greater risk for _____ _______ disease.

pelvic inflammatory

____ _____ disease is the inflammation of the upper reproductive tract structures.

pelvic inflammatory

_____ is an inflammation of the prostate gland.

prostatitis

The _____ stage of syphilis infection is characterized by systemic signs and symptoms, such as rashes, hair loss, fever, and sore throat, that are eventually resolved

secondary

Syphilis is commonly transmitted through ______ contact or vertical transmission to the fetus in utero.

sexual

Which of the following describes leptospire bacteria that cause infections in humans from animals?

spirochete

Hutchinson's teeth are formed as a result of congenital

syphilis

The rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test is performed to diagnose which of the following?

syphilis

Which of the following is the genital ulcer disease caused by a spirochete bacterium?

syphilis

___ is a sexually transmitted bacterial disease caused by Treponema pallidum that results in genital ulcers.

syphilis

The chance of HIV infection is greatly increased with the open lesions seen in genital ____ disease.

ulcer

Which of the following STIs result in wart-like growths?

-HPV infection -Molluscum contagiosum

Which of the following are possible complications of gonorrhea in females?

-Infertility -Pelvic inflammatory disease -Infection of fallopian tubes

Gonorrhea infections are usually transmitted in which ways?

-Maternal-neonate transmission -Sexual contact

Antibiotic drops or ointment are applied to newborns' eyes to eliminate infections by which of the following?

-N. gonorrhoeae -Chlamydia

Consequences of neurosyphilis include which of the following?

-blindness -severe headaches -convulsions -dementia

Which of the following are the possible signs/symptoms of vaginitis?

-burning sensation -vaginal itching -vaginal discharge

Which of the following are considered genital ulcer diseases?

-chancroid -syphilis -genital herpes

Neurosyphilis can involve any part of the nervous system, but it shows particular affinity for which of the following?

-cranial nerves -blood vessels in the brain -dorsal roots of the spinal cord

Which of the following enzymes are useful for identifying Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

-cytochrome oxidase -catalase

Which of the following describe Gardnerella vaginalis?

-facultative anaerobe -gram-positive

Which of the following are the common signs/symptoms of gonorrhea in females?

-painful urination -bloody discharge

Males may exhibit which of the following signs/symptoms of chlamydia?

-painful urination -urethritis -discharge

Which of the following describe the chancre of syphilis?

-painless -hard -found at the site of entry of the pathogen

The CDC recommendations regarding Chlamydia infection include which of the following?

-rechecking treated patients in 3-4 months -screening of older women with risk factor -annual screening of young women

Females may exhibit which of the following signs/symptoms of a chlamydia infection?

-salpingitis -cervicitis -discharge

Which of the following represent stages of untreated syphilis infection in an adult?

-secondary -primary -tertiary

What are discharge diseases?

Those that cause an increase in excreted fluid from the reproductive tracts

HPV is known to cause cancer in which group?

both males and females

The primary lesion seen in syphilis infections is called which of the following?

chancre