Chapter 21: The Cardiovascular System
Identify the valve found between the left atrium and left ventricle.
Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Which of the following structures can only be seen using a posterior view of the heart? Ligamentum arteriosum Superior vena cava Coronary sinus Left auricle
Coronary sinus
Name the inner lining of the heart.
Endocardium
Oxygenated blood flows through the right side of the heart. False True
False: Oxygenated blood returning from the lungs is received by the left atrium, then to the left ventricle before being pumped out to the body. This pathway of blood flow is known as the systemic circulation.
The moderator band is found on both the right and left side of the heart. False True
False: The moderator band is a cord like structure found in the right ventricle. It contains portions of the cardiac conduction system that help convey the electrical message for the ventricles to contract. It works as a shortcut within the cardiac conduction system.
The base of the heart is located at the bottom of the heart. False True
False: at top of the heart
When blood leaves the lungs and returns to the heart, it enters the __________. right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle
Left atrium
A damaged mitral valve would affect the flow of blood into the __________. left atrium left ventricle right ventricle right atrium
Left ventricle
What heart chamber pushes blood through the aortic semilunar valve?
Left ventricle
What is the most muscular chamber of the heart?
Left ventricle
Which of the heart's chambers is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen?
Right ventricle
Which vessel(s) brings blood to the heart? Pulmonary trunk Aorta Pulmonary veins Pulmonary arteries
The pulmonary veins bring deoxygenated blood to the heart.
Name the needle-like ridges of muscle lining the ventricles
Trabeculae carneae
The first branch off the arch of the aorta is the brachiocephalic artery in both the sheep and the human. False True
True
Which portion of the conducting system directly stimulates the ventricles? internodal pathways bundle branches Purkinje fibers AV node
Purkinje fibers
The most inferior point of the left ventricle can be found at the _____________ of the heart. right border apex base superior border
Apex
In the pulmonary circuit, __________. veins carry deoxygenated blood arteries carry oxygenated blood body tissues receive oxygenated blood before returning to the right atrium of the heart arteries carry deoxygenated blood
Arteries carry deoxygenated blood
Identify the ear like flaps that are attached to the top chambers of the heart. Coronary sinus Pectinate muscles Auricle Atrium
Auricle
Which of the following statements is true of the myocardium? The cells of the myocardium contract and relax within a shorter time interval than the skeletal muscles. All myocardial fibers are arranged in the same orientation to provide a more uniform pumping motion. The cells of the myocardium are linked by specialized junctions called intercalated discs. The myocardium in the ventricles is thinner than that in the atria, in order to allow more space for blood to fill the ventricles.
Cells are linked by intercalated discs
What fibrous structure functions to anchor the atrioventricular valves in a closed position?
Chordae tendineae
When an impulse is generated in the SA node, it must travel along which conducting structure to get to the AV node? Purkinje fibers internodal pathways AV bundle bundle branches
Internodal pathways
Which of the following is NOT a reason that the fibrous skeleton of the heart is beneficial to its function? It separates atrial cells from ventricular cells so that contractions can be coordinated. It connects the heart to the lungs for greater stability in the thoracic cavity. It generates an elastic quality that helps the heart resume its normal shape after a contraction. It proves physical support for the muscle cells, blood vessels, and nerves of the heart.
It connects the heart to the lungs for greater stability in the thoracic cavity
Oxygenated blood returns to the heart from the lungs and enters the __________. left ventricle right atrium right ventricle left atrium
Left atrium
If the heart were to be punctured by a broken bone, the bone would first penetrate the __________. parietal pericardium epicardium endocardium visceral pericardium
Parietal pericardium
Name the ridged bundles of muscle found projecting inside the right atrium. Trabeculae carneae Intercalated discs Papillary muscles Pectinate muscles
Pectinate muscles
What is the function of the coronary circulation? Provide a blood supply to the aortic arch Provide a blood supply to the pericardium Provide a blood supply to the lungs Provide a blood supply to the heart
Provide a blood supply to the heart
Identfiy the valve located at the exit of the right ventricle. Bicuspid valve Aortic semilunar valve Tricuspid valve Pulmonary semilunar valve
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Which two chambers of the heart are connected by an opening during embryonic development that seals up at birth? the right atrium and right ventricle the right and left atrium the right and left ventricle the left atrium and left ventricle.
Right and left atrium
Which of the following correctly identifies the path that blood takes on its way through the heart? Left ventricle, aorta, pulmonary veins, and right atrium Pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, pulmonary arteries, and left atrium Right atria, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary arteries Pulmonary veins, left atrium, tricuspid valve, and left ventricle
Right atria, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, and pulmonary arteries
Plaque buildup in the left coronary artery (LCA) would NOT affect which portion of the heart? left atrium right ventricle right atrium left ventricle
Right atrium
Which structure receives blood from the systemic circuit?
Right atrium
A blockage in the pulmonary trunk would first affect which heart chamber with a buildup of blood? right atrium left ventricle left atrium right ventricle
Right ventricle
Which chamber of the heart exits into the pulmonary trunk?
Right ventricle
Which of the heart's chambers is responsible for sending blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen? the right atrium the right ventricle the left ventricle the left atrium
Right ventricle
Damage to the internodal pathways would NOT affect the function of the __________. Purkinje fibers SA node AV node AV bundle
SA node
The largest heart vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the arms to the right atrium is the __________. coronary sinus aorta superior vena cava inferior vena cava
Superior vena cava
Which of the following contain oxygenated blood? Left atrium, pulmonary trunk, and aorta Right ventricle, aorta, and superior vena cava Left atrium, pulmonary veins, and aorta Aorta, pulmonary arteries, and pulmonary trunk
The left atrium, pulmonary veins, and aorta all contain oxygenated blood.
What is the ligamentum arteriosum? A remnant of the ductus arteriosus A remnant of the foramen ovale A ligament attaching the aorta to the superior vena cava A ligament securing the aorta
The ligamentum arteriosum is a remnant of the ductus arteriosus. The ductus arteriosus is a fetal shunt that connects the pulmonary trunk to the aorta.
Which of the following correctly describes the borders of the heart? The right ventricle forms the inferior border of the heart. The left ventricle forms the sternocostal surface of the heart. The left atrium forms the diaphragmatic surface of the heart. The right atrium forms the inferior border of the heart.
The right ventricle forms the inferior border of the heart.
Blood on the right never mixes with blood on the left, once the heart is fully developed. True False
True: Once fetal modifications (i.e. foramen ovale, ductus arteriosus) close following delivery of the infant, blood on the right side of the heart should not mix with blood on the left side of the heart.
In the pulmonary circuit, __________. body tissues receive oxygenated blood before the blood returns to the right atrium of the heart veins carry deoxygenated blood arteries carry deoxygenated blood arteries carry oxygenated blood
arteries contain deoxygenated blood
In anatomical position the___ heart lies slightly to the left of midline. heart is located anterior to the sternum. apex of the heart is superior to the right atrium. aortic arch passes under the right pulmonary artery.
heart lies slightly to the left of midline.
The endocardium __________. contracts to pump blood through the heart to the body is continuous with the inner lining of the aorta has more intercalated discs than the epicardium is continuous with the visceral pericardium
is continuous with the inner lining of the aorta
The coronary sulcus___ marks the border between the atria and ventricles. drains venous blood into the right atrium. contains the anterior and posterior interventricular arteries. lies between the right and left atria.
marks the border between the atria and ventricles.
Which is true: the left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers. the chordae tendineae attached to the semilunar valves. there are four vessels arising from the aortic arch. the pulmonary trunk divides into four pulmonary veins
the left ventricle has the thickest myocardium of all of the chambers.
What is the purpose of the chordae tendineae? to prevent blood from flowing into the pulmonary trunk and aorta to provide additional surface are for the atria as they contract to keep the atrioventricular valves open during atrial contraction to keep the atrioventricular valves shut during ventricular contraction
to keep the atrioventricular valves shut during ventricular contraction
The valve found between the right atria and right ventricle is the mitral. tricuspid. bicuspid. pulmonary semilunar.
tricuspid
Identify the right atrioventricular valve. Tricuspid valve Aortic semilunar valve Bicuspid valve Pulmonary valve
tricuspid valve
During which phase of the cardiac cycle would you find the atria empty? ventricular diastole ventricular systole atrial systole atrial diastole
ventricular systole
In what way does cardiac muscle differ from skeletal muscle? Cardiac muscle relies heavily on aerobic respiration, whereas skeletal muscle can function for a time in anaerobic conditions. Cardiac fibers are much longer and wrap around the entire heart. Cardiac muscle has less circulatory support because it is not used to walk or run. Skeletal muscle is striated, whereas cardiac muscle is not.
Cardiac muscle relies heavily on aerobic respiration, whereas skeletal muscle can function for a time in anaerobic conditions.