Chapter 21 Toxicology

not a typical ingested poison

aerosol propellants

activated charcoal may be indicated for a patient who ingested what

aspirin

your priority in caring for a patient with a surface contact poisoning is to

avoid contaminating yourself

the major side effect associated with administration of activated charcoal is?

black stools

which of the following sets of vital signs would the EMT MOST likely encounter in a patient with acute cocaine overdose

blood pressure 200/100 pulse 150 beats/min

Substance abuse is MOST accurately defined as:

knowingly misusing a substance to produce a desired effect

acid substances

5 to 10 mins

alkali substances

15- 20

Airborne substances should be diluted with:

oxygen

medical problems that may cause the patient to present as intoxicated include all of the following except

syncope

signs and symptoms of a sympatho overdoes include what?

tachycardia

most poisonings occurs via what route

ingestion

baths salts can last as long as

48 hours

Heroin is an example of a(n):

Opioid

Hypotension, hypoventilation, and pinpoint pupils would be expected following an overdose of:

Oxycontin (percocet)

you respond to a 26 year old woman who is reportedly taken large # of pills in an attempt of suicide

activated charcoal needs to be taken

a 4 year old, 15-kg male ingested an unknown quantity of acetaminophen (Tylenol). the child's mother states that she does not know when the ingestion occurred. The child is conscious and alter in no apparent distress. The EMT should

administer 15g of activated charcoal

treatment for ingestion of poisonous plants includes all of the following except

administering activated charcoal

naloxone should only be used in a patient with suspected opiate or opiod overdose who has

agonal reparations or apnea

in general, injected poisons are impossible to dilute or because they

are usually absorbed quickly into the body

You and your paramedic partner are caring for a patient who ingested codeine, acetaminophen (Tylenol), and hydrocodone (Vicodin). The patient is unresponsive, his breathing is slow and shallow, and his pulse is slow and weak. Treatment for this patient should include:

assisted ventilation and naloxone

the most important consideration in caring for a patient who has been exposed to an organophosphate insecticide or some other choleric agent is to

avoid exposure to yourself

As you enter the residence of a patient who has possibly overdosed, you should:

be alert for personal hazards

after administering activated charcoal to a patient, it is MOST important to

be alert for vomiting

activated charcoal is given to patients who have ingested certain substances because it

binds to substance to prevent absorption

you respond to a college campus for a young male who is acting strangely. after law enforcement has secured the scene, you enter the patients room and find him sitting on the edge of his bed;he appears agitated. As you approach him ,you note he has dried blood around his nostrils. He is breathing adequately, his pulse is rapid and irregular, and his blood pressure is 200/100 mmHg. treatment for the patient includes

calm him and give him oxygen if tolerated

which of the following regarding the salmonella bacterium is correct

causes food poisoning

how do poisons typically act to harm the body

changing normal metabolism or cells by destroying them

which is not consider s & s of alcohol withdraw

chest pains

which of the following is not consider s & s of alcohol withdrawal

chest pains

a 49 year old male presents with confusion,sweating and visual hallucinations the patients wife tells you he is heavy drinker and she thinks he has a seizure shortly before your arrival. this patient is most likely experiencing

delirium tremens

Your paramedic partner administers atropine to a 49-year-old male with bradycardia. Which of the following side effects would you expect the patient to experience?

dry mucous membranes

which of the following statements regarding injected poisons is false

easily dilated in to bloodstream

Common names for activated charcoal include all of the following, EXCEPT:

fructose

the ingestion of marijuana can leas to cannabidniod hyeremesis syndrome resulting in extreme nausea and vomiting how are these symptoms typically relieved

hot showers

"nerve gases" overstimulate normal body functions that are controlled by the parasympathetic nerve causing

increased salivation

of the four avenues of poisoning, generally which one is the most worrisome in terms of treatment to the EMS provider

injection

a 25- year old man overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. His breathing is slow and shallow and he is bradycardia. He has track marks on both arms. The EMT should:

insert a nasal airway and ventilate BVM

when caring for a known alcoholic patient with severe trauma to the chest and abdomen, you should be concerned that

internal bleeding

the poison control center will be able to provide you with the most information regarding the appropriate treatment for a patient with a drug overdose if the center:

is aware of the substance involved

an overdose of acetaminophen, the active ingredient in Tylenol will most likely cause

liver failure

before giving the activated charcoal, you should

obtain approval from medical control.

the recommended treatment for absorbed or contact poisons includes

safely removing or diluting poisonous substances

in an apparent suicide attempt, a 19 year old female ingested a full bottle of amitriptyline. at present, she is conscious and alert and state that she swallowed the pills approximately 30 mins earlier. her cloud pressure is 90/50mmHG ,her pulse is 140 beats/min and irregular, and her respiration are 22 breaths/min with adequate depth. when transporting this patient, you should be MOST alert for?

seizures and cardiac arrythmias

characteristics of carbon monoxide include all of the following except

smells like rotten eggs

you are dispatched to a local nursery for a 39 year old female who is sick. when you arrive, you find the patient lying on the floor. she is semiconscious ,has copious amount of saliva, coming from her mouth , and is incontinent of urine. you quickly feel her pulse and note that is very slow. immediate management for this patient should include

thoroughly suctioning her oropharynx

a person who routinely misuses a substance and requires increasing amounts to achieve the same effect is experiencing

tolerance

Victims of inhaled poisoning will require which of the following?

transport to emergency department

If the victim of a toxicologic emergency vomits, and EMT should _____________.

use proper protective equipment and examine the vomit for pill fragments or other clues

you receive a call to a residence where a man found his wife unresponsive on the couch. the patients respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min her breathing is shallow , her heart rate is 40 beats/min and her pulse is weak. the husband hands you an empty bottle of hydrocodone which was refilled the day before. you should?

ventilate her with BVM

which of the following questions would be LEAST pertinent during the initial questioning of a patient who ingested a substance

why was the substance ingested