Chapter 22 Study guide
Men like Henry Ford, Charles Lindbergh, and Father Coughlin were members of what group?
America First Committee
Describe the Asian-American experience during World War II.
Asian's American war experience was paradoxical
The Lend-Lease Act did what?
Authorized military aid so long as countries promised somehow to return it all after the war
How did the American public react to the dropping of the atomic bomb?
Few people criticized Truman's decision
What was the reaction to Truman's decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan?
Few people criticized Truman's decision
Why did Franklin D. Roosevelt announce his candidacy for a third term in 1940?
He argued that the international situation was too dangerous and the domestic recovery was too fragile for him to leave.
The status of blacks during World War II in northern cities was what?
In northern cities life was not always improved despite the promise of better economic opportunity through wartime jobs.
Describe Japan's overseas actions in the 1930s.
Japan invaded China in 1931 and 1937 to expand its military and economic power
Anti-Semitism in the United States during World War II resulted in what?
Only 21,000 Jewish refugees being allowed in the United States
During the war, Americans experienced the rationing of?
Scarce consumer items like coffee, meat, and gasoline.
During World War II, Native Americans helped how?
Served in the military and worked in war production
Why did Executive Order 9066 not apply to persons of Japanese descent living in Hawaii?
Since nearly 40% of the population was of Japanese descent, the evacuation order would have been impractical
What happened in the Yalta conference in 1945?
Stalin agreed to include non-communists in the pro-Soviet government of Poland but was intent on spreading communism in Eastern Europe.
Which former enemy of Hitler signed a nonaggression pact with Germany?
The Soviet Union
The "Grand Alliance" joined together what countries?
The U.S, Soviet Union, and Great Britain
What were the results of the Good Neighbor Policy?
The United States supported dictators in Latin America
Pearl Harbor was what?
The attack of Japanese planes at the naval base Pearl Harbor in Hawaii.
What turned the tide of the Pacific naval war in favor of the Allies?
The destruction of Japanese aircraft carriers at Midway Island
"Rosie the Riveter" was who?
The female industrial laborer depicted as muscular and self-reliant in Norman Rockwell's famous magazine cover
What taste of freedom did women enjoy in World War II?
The perks of doing men's jobs
What did the members of the new United Nations Security Council all have in common?
They all have suffered the least casualties and financial losses during the war
The Office of War Information did what?
They utilized radio, film, the press, and other media to give war ideological meaning
What was the goal of the policy of appeasement?
To avoid another World War by agreeing to Hitler's demands
In the United States during World War II, what happened to unemployment and income taxes?
Unemployment decreased drastically and income taxes increased.
Women working in defense industries during the war made up what fraction of the West Coast workers in aircraft manufacturing and shipbuilding?
1/3
Fascism was?
A political movement that embraces far-right nationalism and the forceful suppression of any opposition, all overseen by an authoritarian government.
The Manhattan Project was what?
A top-secret program in which American scientists developed an atomic bomb during World War II
Organized labor assisted in the war effort by?
Agreeing to a no strike policy
In 1940, the "cash and carry" plan allowed for ?
Great Britain to purchase U.S on a restricted basis
How did Justice Robert Jackson compare a military order to a court decision in the case of Korematsu v. United States?
He argued that a judicial decision last longer than a military order and decides the extent of the constitution
President Roosevelt approached foreign relations with Latin America differently from previous administrations. In which way was his approach different?
He formalized a policy by which the United States repudiated the right to intervene militarily in the internal affairs of Latin American countries
The ideals and language discussed during the fighting of World War II set the foundation for future discussions about what?
Human rights that extend to all mankind
What happened to most female war workers after the war?
Many lost their jobs
The Fair Employment Practices Commission was the first federal agency since Reconstruction to advocate equal opportunity for what group?
Mexican-Americans
How did World War II affect the West Coast of the United States?
Millions of Americans moved to California for jobs and military service
Describe the African-American experiences during World War II.
More than 1 million African-Americans served in the armed forced in segregated units. Local authorities who distributed the provisions of the GI Bill restricted their entitlements.
Women in the workforce during World War II made up what fraction of it?
More than 1/3 of the civilian labor force
Who painted the Four Freedoms paintings that appeared in the Saturday Evening Post?
Norman Rockwell
The "zoot suit" riots of 1943 were?
Policemen attacked Mexican American youths wearing flamboyant clothing on the streets of Los Angeles
Eric Foner argues that, during World War II, "Officials rewrote history to establish" what?
Racial and ethnic tolerance as the American War
Where did the turning point of World War II in Europe occur?
Stalingrad
How did World War II change the role of corporations in American life?
Technological innovation and high productivity in the war effort, restored the reputation of corporations from its depressive lows.
"D-Day" refers to what?
The Allied invasion of Europe at Normandy
What led England and France to declare war on Germany, marking the start of World War II?
The German invasion of Poland
The Pearl Harbor bombing was the first attack on U.S. territory by a foreign power since which conflict?
The War of 1812
What was the single largest battle ever fought by the U.S. Army?
The battle of the Bulge
The double-V campaign was?
The black attitude during the war which insisted that Victory over Germany and Japan must be accompanied by victory over segregation at home
Japanese-American internment was used by Japan to prove what?
The claim that aggressions in Asia were intended to defend the rights of non-white peoples against colonial rule and a racist United States
In Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court upheld what?
The legality of the internment policy
What was the "final solution"?
The mass extermination of "undesirable" peoples -Slavs, gypsies, homosexuals, and, above all Jews
How did the role of the national government change during the war?
The national government gained immense power through several federal agencies.
Why did the United States drop an atomic bomb on Hiroshima?
The potential loss of American lives from an invasion of Japan
The Four Freedoms traveling exhibition resulted in what?
The purchase of millions of war bonds
The Good Neighbor Policy showed what intentions by FDR to Latin America?
The repudiation of the right to intervene in internal Latin affairs showed that America would keep its eye on Latin America in a more peaceful tone
Under the bracero program what happened to Mexicans?
Thousands of Mexican contract laborers crossed into the United States, but they couldn't become citizens
