Chapter 23 & 24
C
10) Glycolysis is best defined as a catabolic reaction based upon the- A) conversion of pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and water B) conversion of glucose into carbon dioxide and water C) conversion of glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid D) formation of sugar
B
11) Vitamin B is a fat soluble organic compound. A. True B. False
A
12) Which of the following is an accessory organ of digestion? A) pancreas B) appendix C) spleen D) colon esophagus
D
13) The _________ contains lobules with sinusoids (lined with macrophages) that lead to a central venous structure A) stomach B) spleen C) pancreas D) liver
B
14) The term metabolism is best defined as A) the length of time it takes to digest and absorb fats B) the sum of biochemical reactions involved in building or breaking down molecules C) a measure of carbohydrate utilization, typically involving measurement of calories D) the number of calories it takes to keep from shivering on a cold day
C
15) The taenia coli are A) tumors normally confined in the sigmoid colon. B) tears of the colon. C) longitudinal bands of smooth muscle in the colon wall. D) ridges in the mucosa of the colon. E) polyps that obstruct the sigmoid colon.
A
16) The Electron transport chain occurs in the A) mitochondrial innermembrane B) cytosol. C) mitochondrial matrix. D) ribosome.
D
17) Chief cells secrete A) hydrochloric acid. B) gastrin. C) intrinsic factor. D) pepsinogen
C
18) At the hepatic flexure, the colon becomes the A) ascending colon. B) sigmoid colon. C) transverse colon. D) rectum. E) descending colon.
D
19) Functions of the tongue include all of the following except A) manipulation of food B) sensory analysis of food. C) mechanical processing of food. D) partitioning the oropharynx from the nasopharynx. E) aiding in speech.
D
2) Which of the following enhance the absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine? A) the microvilli B) the villi C) the circular folds D) All of the answers are correct.
D
20) What is the role of NADH in metabolism? A) convert pyruvic acid into acetyl-coA B) phosphorylate ADP into ATP C) produce bicarbonate ions for a pH buffer D) transport hydrogen atoms/electrons to coenzymes E) produce carbon dioxide
A
21) Which of these cells secrete hormones? A) enteroendocrine cells B) parietal cells C) mucous neck cells D) zymogenic cells
C
22) Which of the choices below describes the pathway of cellular respiration (the complete oxidation of glucose)? A) lipolysis, glycogenolysis, beta oxidation B) glycogenesis, lipogenesis, electron transport chain C) glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation D) gluconeogenesis, Krebs cycle, lipolysis
D
23) Waves of muscular contractions that propel forward the contents of the digestive tract are called A) churning movements. B) pendular movements. C) mastication. D) peristalsis. E) segmentation.
C
24) Which of the following is an essential/beneficial role played by large intestine bacteria? A) synthesize vitamins C and D B) absorb bilirubin C) synthesize vitamin K and B-complex vitamins D) produce gas
E
25) The process of synthesizing glucose from noncarbohydrates like amino acids and glycerol is called A) glycolysis. B) glycogenesis. C) glycemia D) cellular respiration. E) gluconeogenesis.
D
26 ) when NAD + is ________ it becomes NADH . When NADH is ________ it becomes NAD + . A) made; recycled B) oxidized; reduced C) phosphorylated; deaminated D) reduced; oxidizecd E) phosphorylated; dephosphorylated
D
27) The molecule that serves as the major source of readily available fuel for neurons and blood cells is A) acetyl CoA B) protein C) fat D) glucose
A
28) Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? A) B12 в ) с C) K D) A
D
29) The hormone that stimulates secretion and contraction by the stomach is A) enteropeptidase. B) secretin. C) CCK D) gastrin. E) cholecystokinin.
A
3) Anabolism includes reactions in which A) larger molecules or structures are built from smaller ones B) carbohydrate utilization increases C) ketone bodies are formed D) structural proteins are used as a potential energy source
C
30) The oral mucosa has_________ epithelium. A) transitional B) simple squamous C) stratified squamous D) stratified columnar E) pseudostratified
C
31) The middle segment of the small intestine is called the A) cecum. B) ileum C) jejunum. D) duodenum. E) hilum.
B
32) Which blood vessel brings nutrient laden blood from small intestine to the liver? A) Hepatic vein B) Hepatic portal vein C) Hepatic artery D) Lacteals
D
33) The crown of a tooth is covered by this tough material A) cementum. B) periodontium. C) dentin. D) enamel. E) pulp.
B
34) Functions of the large intestine include A) most of the chemical breakdown of food. B) reabsorption of water and compaction of feces. C) production of gas to move waste toward the rectum. D) absorption of bile salts.
C
35) Parietal cells secrete A) pepsinogen. B) enteropeptidase. C) hydrochloric acid. D) mucus.
C
36) The prominent ridges in the lining of the empty stomach are call A) papillae B) cardia. C) rugae D) villi E) plicae.
B
37) Put the lamina 1. propria following layers of the digestive tract wall in order from the lumen to the outermost layer. 4. digestive (mucous) epithelium 2. muscularis externa 5. serosa 3. submucosa A)5, 4.2, 6,1,3 B) 4 1,6, 3, 2, 6. mucosae muscularis 6 C) 1, 4, 3, 6, 2,5 5D D) 5, 2, 3, 5,2,3,6,1,4 6, 1, 4 B) 4,6,3,1,2.5
E
38) CE Is perform catabolism to generate ATP, which can be used for A) glycogen synthesis. B) protein synthesis. C) ion transport. D) muscle contraction. E) All of the answers are correct.
D
39) Contraction of the alters the shape of the intestinal lumen and moves epithelial pleats and folds A) submucosal plexus B) submucosa C) adventitia D) muscularis mucosa E) mucosa
A
4) The citric acid cycle /Kreb's cycle occurs in the A) mitochondrial matrix. B) ribosome. C) cytosol. D) golgi apparatus. E) mitochondrial inner rmembrane.
D
40 ) The first teeth to appear are the teeth . A) temporary B) transitional C) transitory D) deciduous E) provisional
C
41) The are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that suspend the visceral organs and carry nerves, lymphatics, and blood vessels A) fibrosa B) serosa C) mesenteries D) lamina propria E) adventitia
E
42) Match the gastric phase on the left (1-3) with the correct description on the right (4-6): 1. intestinal phase 4, prepares stomach for arrival of food 2. gastric phase 5. stomach empties and decreases secretions 3. cephalic phase 6. stomach secretes juice and mixes food into chyme A) 1 and 6; 2 and 4; 3 and 5 B) 1 and 5; 2 and 4; 3 and 6 C) 1 and 6; 2 and 5; 3 and 4 D) 1 and 4; 2 and 5; 3 and 6 E) 1 and 5; 2 and 6; 3 and 4
E
43) The lamina propria and mucous epithelium are components of the A) serosa. B) muscularis mucosa. C) adventitia. D) submucosa. E) mucosa.
E
44) The pancreas produces A) lipases and amylase. C) sodium B) proteases bicarbonate/buffer D) nucleases E) All of the answers are correct.
C
45)__________ pair(s) of salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity. A) Two B) Six to Ten C) Three D) Four
B
46) Which of the following mechanisms produces the most ATP during cellular respiration? A) Kreb's cycle B) oxidative phosphorylation/Electron Transport Chain C) lactic acid production D) substrate-level phosphorylation
D
47) Which of these procsses occurs in the mouth? B) mechanical digestion A) ingestion C) chemical digestion D) all of the above.
C
48) The greater omentum is A) attached to the stomach at the lesser curvature. B) a sheet of mesentery that attaches to the liver. C) a fatty mesentery sheet that is attached to greater curvature of stomach.. D) the entrance to the stomach. E) important in the digestion of fats.
C
49) The primary function of cellular respiration is to A) provide the body with adequate amounts of vitamins and minerals B) determine the amount of heat needed by the human body C) break down nutrient molecules and generate ATF D) efficiently monitor the energy needs of the body
B
5) This intestinal hormone stimulates the gall bladder to release bile for fat emulsification- A) secretin. B) cholecystokinin. C) gastrin. D) enterocrinin.
A
50) Which of the following nutrients yield the highest amount of energy per gram when metabolized? A) fats B) proteins C) foods and beverages high in caffeine D) vitamins and minerals
E
6) Which of the following is not a function of the digestive system? A) ingestion B) absorption C) secretion D) mechanical processing E) filtration
E
7) An enzyme secreted by the gastric mucosa of a newborn infant that coagulates milk proteins is A) trypsin. B) pepsin. C) gastrin. D) cholecystokinin. E) rennin.
D
8) The process of glycogen formation is known as A) gluconeogenesis B) glycolysis. C) glycemia E) cellular respiration D) glycogenesis.
B
9 ) Glycogen is formed in the liver during the A) period when the metabolic rate is lowest B) absorptive state C) starvation period D) postabsorptive state
A
1) After food and gastric juices combine, the gastric contents are referred to as A) chyme. B) chunk. C) segments. D) feces. E) bolus.