Chapter 23. EMT

An infant with a total blood volume of 800 mL would start showing signs of shock when as little as ______ of blood is lost.

100 mL

What is the approximate blood volume of a 75-kg adult?

5.25 L

Which of the following statements regarding the clotting of blood is correct?

A person taking aspirin will experience slower blood clotting.

Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?

Patients with hemophilia may bleed spontaneously.

Hypoperfusion is another name for:

Shock.

If direct pressure with a sterile dressing fails to immediately stop severe bleeding from an extremity, you should apply:

a tourniquet proximal to the injury.

Which of the following splinting devices would be MOST appropriate to use for a patient who has an open fracture of the forearm with external bleeding?

air splint

Most cases of external bleeding from an extremity can be controlled by:

applying local direct pressure.

The smaller vessels that carry blood away from the heart and connect the arteries to the capillaries are called the:

arterioles.

A young male was shot in the abdomen by an unknown type of gun. He is semiconscious, has shallow breathing, and is bleeding externally from the wound. As you control the external bleeding, your partner should:

assist the patient's ventilations.

An organ or tissue may be better able to resist damage from hypoperfusion if the:

body's temperature is considerably less than 98.6°F (37.0°C).

A 39-year-old male accidentally cut his wrist while sharpening his hunting knife. He is conscious and alert with adequate breathing, but is bleeding significantly from the wound. You should:

control the bleeding with direct pressure.

In nontrauma patients, an early indicator of internal bleeding is:

dizziness upon standing.

In which of the following situations would external bleeding be the MOST difficult to control?

femoral artery laceration and a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg

A 39-year-old male sustained a large laceration to his leg during an accident with a chainsaw and is experiencing signs and symptoms of shock. You should:

follow appropriate standard precautions.

A 67-year-old male presents with weakness, dizziness, and melena that began approximately 2 days ago. He denies a history of trauma. His blood pressure is 90/50 mm Hg and his pulse is 120 beats/min and thready. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient is experiencing:

gastrointestinal bleeding.

Gastrointestinal bleeding should be suspected if a patient presents with:

hematemesis.

The ability of a person's cardiovascular system to compensate for blood loss is MOST related to:

how rapidly he or she bleeds.

Early signs and symptoms of intra-abdominal bleeding include:

pain and distention.

A 43-year-old man is experiencing a severe nosebleed. His blood pressure is 190/110 mm Hg and his heart rate is 90 beats/min and bounding. Appropriate treatment for this patient includes:

pinching the patient's nostrils and having him lean forward.

After applying a pressure dressing to a laceration on a patient's arm, you notice that blood is slowly beginning to saturate it. You should:

place additional dressings over the wound.

During transport of a 40-year-old female with acute abdominal pain, you note that she has stopped talking to you and has become extremely diaphoretic. You should:

repeat the primary assessment.

The systemic veins function by:

returning deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Which of the following organs can tolerate inadequate perfusion for up to 2 hours?

skeletal muscle

Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, a 21-year-old female complains of left upper quadrant abdominal pain with referred pain to the left shoulder. Your assessment reveals that her abdomen is distended and tender to palpation. On the basis of these findings, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:

spleen.

The severity of bleeding should be based on all of the following findings, EXCEPT:

systolic blood pressure.

Hypovolemic shock occurs when:

the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss.

Which of the following body systems or components is the LEAST critical for supplying and maintaining adequate blood flow to the body?

the filtering of blood cells in the spleen

You arrive at the home of a 50-year-old female with severe epistaxis. As you are treating her, it is MOST important to recall that:

the patient is at risk for vomiting and aspiration.

Whether you are using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet, it is important to remember that:

the tourniquet should only be removed at the hospital because bleeding may return if the tourniquet is released.

External bleeding from a vein is relatively easy to control because:

veins are under a lower pressure.

In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be

weakness or dizziness.