Chapter 23 quiz

Indian Reorganization Act

"Indian New Deal"; Restored tribal ownership of lands, recognized tribal constitutions and government, and provided loans for economic development.

Eleanor Roosevelt

"first modern first lady"; very proactive; fought for the rights of minorities, women, and the destitute. When Franklin was stricken with polio, she helped him to continue his political career by taking over some of his tasks; In 1939, when the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to let Marian Anderson, an African-American singer, perform in Washington's Constitution Hall, Roosevelt resigned from the organization. Then she helped arrange for Anderson to give a triumphant outdoor concert on federal property at the Lincoln Memorial.

Social Security Act

(FDR) 1935, guaranteed retirement payments for enrolled workers beginning at age 65; set up federal-state system of unemployment insurance and care for dependent mothers and children, the handicapped, and public health

National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

(FDR) A 1935 law, also known as the Wagner Act, that guarantees workers the right of collective bargaining sets down rules to protect unions and organizers, and created the National Labor Relations Board to regulate labor-managment relations. *, Made sure workers were treated and payed well and not getting abused by their business. *this law created the National Labor Relations Board to enforce the law and supervise shop elections

Frances Perkins

(born Fanny Coralie Perkins, lived April 10, 1882 - May 14, 1965) was the U.S. Secretary of Labor from 1933 to 1945, and the first woman ever appointed to the cabinet. As a loyal supporter of her friend Franklin D. Roosevelt, she helped pull the labor movement into the New Deal coalition

Huey Long

..., "Kingfish", A Senator from Louisiana who proposed a "Share Our Wealth" program that promised a minimum annual income of $5,000 for every American family which would be paid for by taxing the wealthy. (100% tax on 1 million dollars). Announced his canidacy for president in 1935, but was killed by an assassin.

Dust Bowl

1930-1936; Most severely effected Oklahoma, Texas, New Mexico, Kansas, and Colorado; Combination of severe draught, over farming, and massive wind storms removed the top soil; From storms and evictions thousands of families hit the road in search of work; California's population grew by over a million people by 1930

20th Amendment

1933- Shortened the period between presidential election and inauguration.

Marian Anderson

A famous African American concert singer who had her first performance in 1935, dazzling the audience and launching herself into fame. The next year she performed at the White House by presidential invitation, and performed on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial when the Daughters of the American Revolution refused to let her rent Constitution Hall (Eleanor Roosevelt and several others resigned after this decision).

Dorothea Lange

A famous photographer who wanted to be one at a young age, and, when the Depression started, landed a job to photograph the Dust Bowl, which have been recognized as showing the desperation and bravery during this time. She didn't stop documenting the suffering of people until her 1965 death, but her 1930s pictures are the most well-known.

Federal Deposoit Insurance Corporation

A federal guarantee of savings bank deposits initially of up to $2500, raised to $5000 in 1934, and frequently thereafter; continues today with a limit of $100,000

Congress of Industrial Organizations

A federation of labor union for all unskilled workers. It provided a national labor union for unskilled workers, unlike the AFL, which limited itself to skilled workers.

bank holiday

A four day closing of all national banks in order to consider banking reform legislation. The public had a general sense of relief and hope.

Bonus Army

A group of WWI veterans who were supposed to be given a "bonus" from the government for their services. In 1932 the deadline for the veterans was pushed back by the government thus causing the group to march onto Washington to demand their money. Excessive force was used to disband these protesters, and because they were veterans and heroes of this country, Hoover's popularity plummeted because of it.

minimum wage

A minimum price that an employer can pay a worker for an hour of labor

Black Tuesday

A name given to October 29, 1929, when stock prices fell sharply.

New Deal

A series of reforms enacted by the Franklin Roosevelt administration between 1933 and 1942 with the goal of ending the Great Depression.

National Recover Administration

Attempted to combat the Depression through national economic planning by establishing and administering a system of industrial codes to control production, prices, labor relations, and trade practices among leading business interests; ruled unconstitutional by the Supreme Court in 1935

Civilian Conservation Corporation

Built roads, parks, planted trees, gave men work. (National Parks).

Works Progress Administration

Congress created the Works Progress Administration in 1935 and President Roosevelt placed Harry Hopkins in charge of it. It eventually spent $11 billion on federal works projects and provided employment for 8.5 million persons. They built roads, bridges, schools, etc., but the also funded projects for thespians, artists, writers, and young people.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Democratic president who created the New Deal to counter the effects of the Great Depression

Hoovervilles

Depression shantytowns, named after the president (Herbert Hoover) whom many blamed for their financial distress

deficit spending

Government practice of spending more than it takes in from taxes

Aid to Dependent Children

It was a public assistance program that provides cash assistance to families with children in need because of the loss of financial support as a resultof death, disability, or the continued absence of parent from the home in the 1930s.

collective bargaining

Negotiations between representatives of labor unions and management to determine acceptable working conditions.

Tennessee Valley Authority

Relief, Recover, and Reform. one of the most important acts that built a hyro-electric dam for a needed area., The federation was created in 1933 in order to provide navigation, flood control, electricity generation, fertilizer manufacturing, and economic development in the Tennessee Valley, a region particularly impacted by the Great Depression

Reconstruction Finance Corporation

gave 2 billion to states, banks, and insurance companies for self liquidating projects. Plan worked but 2 billion wasnt enough

fireside chats

informal talks given by FDR over the radio; sat by White House fireplace; gained the confidence of the people

migrant workers

people, typically farmers, who move from place to place to harvest fruits and vegetables

"Okies"

unflattering name given to Oklahomans and others from the rural Midwest, especially those who left the Dust Bowl looking for better lives during the 1930s