Chapter 23: Transoceanic Encounters and Global Connections

Ferdinand Magellan established a trade route between Mexico and a. Spain. b. Hawai`i. c. Portugal. d. the Canary Islands. e. the Philippines.

e. the Philippines.

The first European to sail around the Cape of Good Hope was a. Bartolomeu Dias. b. Vasco da Gama. c. Dom Henrique. d. James Cook. e. Christopher Columbus.

a. Bartolomeu Dias.

When he reached ________, Columbus sent delegates to seek the court of the emperor of China. a. Cuba b. Japan c. Brazil d. Nova Scotia e. modern-day Florida

a. Cuba

The explorer who led three expeditions into the Pacific in the eighteenth century was a. James Cook. b. Ferdinand Magellan. c. Francis Drake. d. Vasco da Gama. e. Vasco Nuñez de Balboa.

a. James Cook.

The center of the Spanish commercial activity in Asia was a. Manila. b. Batavia. c. Bombay. d. Melaka. e. Hawai`i.

a. Manila

The Dutch policy in Indonesia was to a. control the production of spices. b. convert the population to Christianity. c. rule the native population through strict control. d. introduce new agricultural products to find a cash crop. e. control financial institutions but leave the fighting to their French allies.

a. control the production of spices.

From 1500 to 1800, the largest contingent of migrants consisted of a. enslaved Africans. b. Hindu Indians fleeing religious persecution. c. northern Europeans seeking economic opportunity in the Americas. d. Chinese peasant families fleeing recurring outbreaks of disease. e. southern Europeans seeking political freedom in the Americas.

a. enslaved Africans.

In the end, Portugal was unable to maintain its early domination of trade because a. it was a small country with a small population. b. a Chinese resurgence of naval exploration forced the Portuguese out. c. a late outbreak of the bubonic plague in the seventeenth century killed half the country's population. d. the English, French, and Dutch formed a lasting alliance designed to force the Portuguese to surrender. e. the Portuguese tired of the expenses of naval exploration and focused on their European land empire.

a. it was a small country with a small population.

The astrolabe was designed to measure a. latitude. b. velocity. c. distance. d. longitude. e. depth.

a. latitude

Which of the following were both Chinese inventions? a. sternpost rudder and magnetic compass b. astrolabe and magnetic compass c. lateen sail and astrolabe d. square sail and sternpost rudder e. magnetic compass and lateen sail

a. sternpost rudder and magnetic compass

Which of the following was NOT one of the main inspirations for European exploration? a. the desire to conquer China and India b. the search for basic resources c. the desire to establish new trade routes to Asian markets d. the desire to spread Christianity e. the search for lands suitable for cultivation

a. the desire to conquer China and India

Hormuz, Goa, and Melaka were all seized in the early 1500s by a. Vasco da Gama. b. Afonso d'Alboquerque. c. Francis Drake. d. Zheng He. e. James Cook.

b. Afonso d'Alboquerque.

On 12 October 1492, Columbus made landfall on an island that the native Taíno called a. Palos. b. Guanahaní. c. Calicut. d. San Salvador. e. Gao.

b. Guanahaní.

"Without doubt there is in these lands a very large quantity of gold . . . And also there are stones, and there are precious pearls and infinite spicery . . . And also here there is probably a great quantity of cotton; and I think that it would sell very well here without taking it to Spain but to the big cities belonging to the Grand [Mongol] Khan." What does the quote above reveal about Columbus? a. That he was partially loyal to the Mongol Khans. b. That his beliefs, both about the resources and location of the Caribbean Islands, were grossly inaccurate. c. That he was concerned more about material wealth than about spreading Christianity. d. That he placed a high priority on establishing friendship with the natives over trading with them. e. He was barely literate.

b. That his beliefs, both about the resources and location of the Caribbean Islands, were grossly inaccurate

Jan Pieterszoon Coen was responsible for a. forcing the population of Indonesia to convert to Christianity. b. founding the city of Batavia on the island of Java. c. bringing the Philippines under Dutch control. d. establishing the United East India Company. e. the third circumnavigation of the globe.

b. founding the city of Batavia on the island of Java.

Russian territorial expansion into northern Eurasia began in the a. fifteenth century. b. sixteenth century. c. seventeenth century. d. eighteenth century. e. nineteenth century.

b. sixteenth century.

The Portuguese viewed the Atlantic Ocean islands as the perfect location for the cultivation of a. cotton. b. sugarcane. c. indigo. d. maize. e. citrus fruits.

b. sugarcane

Which of the following was NOT a reason for the European interest in finding a maritime trade route? a. that the spread of the bubonic plague made the silk roads more dangerous b. that Mongol domination had caused trade along the silk roads to stop c. the high prices charged by Muslim merchants d. the demand in Europe for items such as Indian pepper and Chinese ginger e. the desire to expand the boundaries of Christianity

b. that Mongol domination had caused trade along the silk roads to stop

Lateen sails had the advantage of a. allowing for faster travel than anything available in the Islamic world. b. working better in crosswinds. c. being so colorful that they could be seen from many miles away. d. being able to take full advantage of a wind blowing from behind. e. being cheaper because their basic component was jute.

b. working better in crosswinds.

By 1750, all parts of the world participated in a global trade network in which Europeans played dominant roles, EXCEPT a. China. b. South America. c. Australia. d. India. e. Africa.

c. Australia.

Most of the actual exploration of the Pacific Ocean was carried out by the a. Spanish. b. Portuguese. c. English. d. Dutch. e. French.

c. English.

The English explorer James Cook died during a fight in a. Australia. b. New Zealand. c. Hawai`i. d. Tahiti. e. Guam.

c. Hawai`i.

The Philippines fell to a. James Cook. b. Jan Pieterszoon Coen. c. Miguel López de Legazpi. d. Ferdinand Magellan. e. Zheng He.

c. Miguel López de Legazpi.

The first European nation to dominate trade with Asia was a. England. b. Spain. c. Portugal. d. France. e. Italy.

c. Portugal.

Which of the following was NOT an advantage the English and Dutch had over the Portuguese? a. They possessed faster, cheaper, and more powerful ships. b. They created joint-stock companies. c. They had much better captains. d. They were wealthier countries. e. They had much larger populations.

c. They had much better captains.

The Portuguese dominance of trade was dependent on their ability to a. force the native populations to convert to Christianity. b. form alliances with Chinese princes to take advantage of the large Chinese navy. c. force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties. d. conquer territories and bring them permanently into their growing empire. e. take advantage of their huge population to overwhelm their adversaries.

c. force merchant ships to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties.

The profitable merchandise that Vasco da Gama purchased in India was made up of a. gold and silver. b. silk and artwork. c. pepper and cinnamon. d. silk and ceramics. e. slaves and weapons.

c. pepper and cinnamon.

The reconquista came to an end in 1492 when a. Constantinople fell to Islamic forces. b. Jerusalem was recaptured by European forces as part of the seventh crusade. c. the Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Spanish Catholic forces. d. the silk roads were overrun by Mongol forces. e. northern India was recaptured by the British.

c. the Muslim kingdom of Granada fell to Spanish Catholic forces.

Which of the following cities was NOT a Portuguese trading post? a. Goa b. Hormuz c. Melaka d. Bombay e. São Jorge da Mina

d. Bombay

The first circumnavigation of the world was completed in 1522 by a. Francis Drake. b. Ferdinand Magellan. c. Vasco da Gama. d. Ferdinand Magellan's crew. e. Vasco Nuñez de Balboa.

d. Ferdinand Magellan's crew.

The VOC was the a. English East India Company. b. indirect trade route that Portuguese mariners used to take advantage of wind patterns. c. Portuguese missionary organization that spread Christianity along the trade routes. d. United East India Company. e. European multinational organization, Victory Over China, that focused on Asian expansion.

d. United East India Company.

Russian merchants and explorers began the expansion into Siberia in the quest for a. gold. b. silver. c. copper. d. furs. e. iron.

d. furs.

Christopher Columbus's decision to sail west to reach Asia was based on a. assistance from an experienced Muslim sailor. b. secret information on trade routes that he had received indirectly from Chinese sources. c. legends left over from the earlier Viking voyages. d. his miscalculation of the distance from the Canary Islands to Japan. e. information that he had gathered after inventing his own astrolabe.

d. his miscalculation of the distance from the Canary Islands to Japan.

The most prosperous country in Europe in the seventeenth century was a. England. b. France. c. Spain. d. the Netherlands. e. Russia.

d. the Netherlands.

Which of the following men conquered the Moroccan port of Ceuta and sponsored a series of voyages down the west African coast? a. Christopher Columbus b. Henry VIII of England c. Francis I of France d. Süleyman the Magnificent of the Ottoman empire e. Henry of Portugal

e. Henry of Portugal

The Portuguese mariner who sailed to Calicut in 1498 was a. Dias. b. Columbus. c. Cook. d. Magellan. e. Vasco da Gama.

e. Vasco da Gama.

In the long term, the Columbian exchange a. brought a lasting decline in population because of the ravages of diseases such as smallpox. b. had very little influence on world population figures. c. led to economic instability because of a glut of Chinese silver. d. barely broke even financially e. increased world population because of the spread of new food crops.

e. increased world population because of the spread of new food crops.

In their attempt to control the spice trade in the Indian Ocean, the Europeans during the period between the sixteenth and eighteenth centuries a. achieved a monopoly. b. used an alliance with southern Indian princes to achieve success. c. were never able to displace the Chinese monopoly. d. used their seemingly godlike advantage in technology to establish a theocracy. e. met with limited success because of a lack of personnel.

e. met with limited success because of a lack of personnel.

Under Spanish rule of the Philippines, the native population a. was allowed to follow their own religious traditions. b. was encouraged to pursue a syncretic brand of Christianity. c. converted almost exclusively to Islam. d. followed a classical European north-south Protestant-Catholic geographic split. e. was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism.

e. was pressured to convert to Roman Catholicism.