chapter 23/25

Who were the Luddites?

British handicraft workers who attacked factories and destroyed machinery they believed were putting them out of work

the major breakthrough in energy and power supplies that catalyzed the industrial revolution was

James Watt's steam engine, developed and marketed between the 1760s and 1780s

to move from the laboratory into manufacturing, James Watt's steam engine needed all of the following except:

a single, distinct industrial use

The key demand fo the Chartist movement was that

all men be given the right to vote

William Cockerill was

and english carpenter who built cotton-spinning equipment in Belgium

Friedrich List believed that industrial development should be pursued

as a part of a project of economic nationalism led by the state

the reformer Robert Owens sought to

create a single large national union for British workers

all of the following correctly characterize industrial growth patterns in europe except

following the napoleonic wars, France experienced a boom in factory production as the economy shifter from wartime to peacetime production

how did the origins of industrialists change as the industrial revolution progressed?

it became harder to form new firms, and instead industrialists were increasingly likely to have inherited their wealth

The factory act of 1833

limited the work of children and thereby broke the pattern of families working together in factories

how did railroads affect the nature of production?

markets become broader, encouraging manufacturers to create larger factories with more sophisticated machines

which one of the following best characterizes the British economy between 1780 and 1851?

much of the growth of the gross national product was eaten up by population growth

In The Condition of the Working Class in England, Friedrich Engels stated that

the British middle classes were guilty of "mass murder" and "wholesale robbery"

the difficulties faced by the continental economies in their efforts to compete with the british included all of the following except

the scarcity of human capital

worked resisted moving from cottage work into factories for all of the following reasons except

they received substantially lower wages than cottage work

in the "separate spheres" pattern of gender relationships,

women generally stopped working outside of the home after the first child was born

Why did 18th century Britain have a shortage of wood?

wood had been over-harvested; it was the primary source of heat in all homes and a basic raw material in industry

how was the life of nonagricultural workers transformed between 1760 and 1830?

workers worked many more days per year