Chapter 24
When full, an adult urinary bladder contains about __________ of urine.
500 ml
Which section of the renal tubule is most active in secretion and resorption? What type of epithelium is located in this region?
proximal convoluted tubule; simple cuboidal epithelium with long microvilli
Where does the kidney filter the blood?
renal corpuscle
Which of the following structures is most numerous within a kidney?
renal corpuscles
The region of the kidney where the renal vessels and the ureter enter and exit the kidney is called the ________________.
renal hilum
In which regions of the kidney do renal calculi (kidney stones) commonly form?
renal pelvis and calices
If an elderly patient exhibited urethral sphincter dysfunction, where coughing and sneezing resulted in urine expulsion, he or she probably is suffering from __________.
stress incontinence
Which structure helps maintain the shape of the kidneys, and forms a barrier that prevents spread of infection from surrounding regions?
the fibrous capsule
The ureter, blood vessels, and nerves penetrate the kidney on its medial surface.
true
What is the function of the renal pelvis?
Collects newly formed urine
Identify the correct direction of urine flow from formation to exiting the kidney.
Cortex, medulla, renal pelvis, ureter
Name the strong transparent covering that encases the kidney.
Fibrous capsule
Where does the ureter penetrate the kidney?
Hilum
What is unusual about the muscularis layer of the proximal ureter when compared to the muscularis of the digestive tract?
It has an inner longitudinal and outer circular layer.
Which structure is found separating the renal pyramids?
Renal columns
Where does filtration of the blood occur within the kidneys?
Renal cortex
Which of the following regions of the kidney is in contact with the fibrous capsule?
Renal cortex
Which region of the kidney is the most superficial?
Renal cortex
Where are the renal columns located?
Renal medulla
In what way is the histology of the ureters the same as that of the urinary bladder?
Their luminal epithelium is transitional epithelium
Why are the regions of L2, the sacroiliac joint, and the site where the ureters join the urinary bladder particularly susceptible places for kidney stones to lodge in the ureters?
These regions have narrower diameters than other regions of the ureter
Pyelography is
a type of X-ray procedure (radiology).
The kidneys lie behind the ________ cavity.
abdominal
Which factors can predispose someone to form kidney stones (renal calculi)?
abnormal acidity or alkalinity of urine; dehydration; oversaturation of renal filtrate with oxalate or uric acid
Which of the following portions of the nephron is found in both the renal cortex and medulla?
collecting duct
85% of nephrons are described by this term that relates to their location in the kidney.
cortical
Where does blood flow immediately after it leaves the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle?
efferent arteriole
The fibrous capsule is a layer of adipose tissue that surrounds the kidney.
false
The medullary pyramids contain collecting tubules (ducts) that travel towards the renal cortex, carrying urine to exit the kidney.
false
Which vessels in the nephron function in filtration?
glomerular capillaries
The filtration membrane __________.
is the actual filter that lies between the blood in the glomerulus and the capsular space