Chapter 25 Growth and Development of the Newborn and Infant

The capacity of the normal newborn's stomach is between?

0.5oz and 1oz

The normal newborn may lose up to how much of initial birth weight?

10%

When does the tonic neck reflex disappear?

4 months

Most infants double their birth weight at _____________ months and will triple by the time they are __________________.

4 to 5 1 year old

When can solid foods be introduced?

4-6 months of age. milk will not provide sufficient iron by this age.

An 8 month old infant was born at 32 weeks gestation. At what adjusted age should the infant be developmentally?

6 months. To determine adjusted age, the nurse subtracts the number of weeks that the infant was premature from the infant's chronological age. The infant who was born at 32 weeks' gestation was 8 weeks (or 2 months) premature. So in this example the nurse subtracts 2 months from the chronological age of 8 months = 6 months.

At what age does the first tooth usually erupt in an infant?

6-7 months The gums should be gently wiped prior to tooth eruption, and brushed with a soft brush after tooth eruption.

Growth and development proceed from head to toe. What is the term for this?

Cephalocaudal sequence (cephalocaudally) pick up the head to roll to sit etc...

How much do infants grow in length during the first year.

In the first 6 months, they grow 0.5-1 inch per month. By 12 months, the infant should have gained 50% of their initial height. For EXAMPLE: at birth weight = 21 inches by 6 months = 27inches by 12 months = 31.5 inches

Which activity is most beneficial in the development of the newborn?

Interaction with caregivers.

What might the nurse suggest as a way to console the infant and develop a sense of security when the child's primary caregiver is out of sight?

Play peek-a-boo with the child when happy. Rationale: For the infant, self-assurance is necessary to confirm that objects and people do not cease to exist when out of sight.

How do parents introduce new foods?

Serve new foods several times as it may take multiple attempts before the child will accept it.

What to do in a community with no fluoride?

Supplement with fluoride drops or fluoride toothpaste daily starting at 6 months

If parents are stressed out, how can the nurse help short-term?

Urging the parents to get time away from the child would be most helpful in the short term, particularly if the parents are stressed.

how does a child sit at 6 months vs. 8 months?

at 6 months they sit shaky, unsteady, tripod. by 8 months they sit independently.

When can an infant recognize by sight the people they know best?

by 4 months.

What is an infant expected to do with toys at 7-8 months of age?

move it from one hand to another

The recommended feeding plan for newborns is to use what type of schedule?

on demand schedule!!

True or False: Children need a consistent bedtime routine

true!! It is not good sleep practice to let the child fall asleep and then put them in bed.

When can a parent choose to introduce a pacifier?

when breast-feeding is well established (can take up to one month).

When is the best time to feed an infant?

when they are in the active alert state. In the ACTIVE ALERT state they will have normal respirations, limited movement, and attentive bright & shiny eyes.

Warning signs that may indicate problems with sensory development by 6-months:

◉ young infant does not respond to loud noises ◉child does not focus on a near object ◉ infant does not start to make sounds or babble by 4 months of age ◉ infant does not turn to locate sound at age 4 months ◉ infant crosses eyes most of the time at age 6 months.