Chapter 25 Prep U
Select the correct sequence of blood return to the heart.
Capillaries, venules, veins, right atrium
The semilunar valves of the heart open at the onset of the ejection period. Approximately what percentage of the stroke volume is ejected during the first quarter of systole?
60%
A client is admitted to the cardiac unit with a diagnosis of pericarditis. The nurse is teaching th client about the anatomical location of the infection. The nurse evaluates the effectiveness of the teaching when the client correctly identifies which of the following as the location of the pericardium?
A membranous sac that encloses the heart
A client's echocardiogram identified a narrowed valve that has resulted in a decreased blood flow between the left atria and left ventricle. The nurse would interpret this as the:
Bicuspid valve
The school nurse is doing a health class on the functional organization of the circulatory system. What is the function of the capillaries in the circulatory system?
Exchange gases, nutrients, and wastes
Which of the following is true regarding pulmonary circulation?
It is a low-pressure system that allows for improved gas exchange.
Which of the following blood flow patterns reduces friction, allowing the blood layers to slide smoothly over one another?
Laminar
When the semilunar valves open it signals the onset of the ejection period. The aortic pressure reflects changes in the ejection of blood from which part of the heart?
Left ventricle
A nurse is assessing a female client and notes that her left arm is swollen from the shoulder down to the fingers, with non-pitting edema. The right arm is normal. The client had a left-sided mastectomy 1 year ago. What does the nurse suspect is the problem?
Lymphedema
The heart consists of four valves. Which are the semilunar valves? Select all that apply.
Pulmonary Aortic
A nurse is caring for a client with right heart failure caused by pulmonary hypertension. Which hemodynamic parameter is most appropriate for the nurse to monitor?
Pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP)
The heart is a four-chambered pump. What is the function of the right ventricle?
Pumps blood to the lungs
A client has prominent jugular veins. What type of medical problem is associated with prominent jugular veins?
Right-sided heart failure
The nurse is reviewing the circulatory system. Which statements are correct about the functional organization of the circulatory system? Select all that apply.
The arterial system distributes oxygenated blood to the tissues. The venous system collects deoxygenated blood from the tissues.
A cardiac nurse is describing to a colleague the relationship between the law of Laplace and a client's peripheral vascular disease. To express the law of Laplace in an equation, the nurses need to know which values? Select all that apply.
The tension that exists in the walls of a blood vessel The radius of a particular blood vessel The pressure that exists in the lumen of a vessel
The heart consists of four valves. Which are the heart's atrioventricular valves? Select all that apply.
Tricuspid Mitral
Which blood vessel layer is made primarily of muscle?
Tunica media
The cardiac cycle describes the pumping action of the heart. Which statement is correct about systole?
Ventricles contract and blood is ejected from the heart.
The parasympathetic nervous system causes a slowing of the heart rate by increasing control of which brain center that receives information from areas of the nervous system?
cardioinhibitory center
Which enzyme has a powerful vasodilator effect on arterioles and increases capillary permeability?
histamine
Which related circulatory complication can result from surgical treatment for metastatic breast cancer?
lymphedema in the affected arm
Which sequence is the correct pathway for blood flow through the heart?
right atrium - tricuspid valve - right ventricle - pulmonary artery - lungs - pulmonary vein - left atrium - mitral valve - left ventricle - aorta
The nurse identifies the blood vessel layer that constricts to regulate and control diameter as:
tunica media
The heart controls the direction of blood flow. What is the role of the aortic valve?
Controls the direction of blood flow from the left side of the heart to the systemic circulation
A client has had an acute myocardial infarction (MI). The brother of the client has a history of angina. The client asks how he will know if his brother's pain is angina or if the brother is actually having an MI. Which statement is correct?
Rest and intake of nitroglycerin relieve chest pain with angina; they do not relieve chest pain with an MI.
A client asks why he has not had major heart damage since his cardiac catheterization revealed he has 98% blockage of the right coronary artery. The nurse's best response is:
You have small channels between some of your arteries, so you can get blood from a patent artery to one severely blocked."
