Chapter 25 Quiz

Besides the conflict referenced here by Chief Joseph, which of the following other factors was most directly damaging to Native Americans' way of life? a. The significant decline in the number of American bison. b. The rise of boomtowns in the West. c. U.S. military enforcement of treaties. d. The slow growth of the migrant population.

a. The significant decline in the number of American bison.

Railways played a role in the development of the agricultural west in the late-nineteenth-century by doing all the following except: a. Transporting natural resources like timber to the region b. Making it easier to get crops from the region to market c. Selling land to Americans and European immigrants

a. Transporting natural resources like timber to the region

Chief Joseph a. Surrendered some seven hundred Indians after as seventeen-hundred mile, three-month trek accross the Continental Divide toward Canada. b. All choices are correct. c. Leader of a band of Nez Perce Indians in northeastern Oregon who fled from U.S. authorities in 1877 when and attempt was made to herd them onto a reservation. d. Failed in an attempt to lead his people safety in Canada.

b. All choices are correct.

Which of the following was a result of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? a. Most American Indians were relocated to the west of the Mississippi. b. American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land. c. It encouraged cooperative landownership among American Indians. d. American Indians in the West led attacks on United States forts. e. American Indians and Whites challenged each other over landownership in range wars.

b. American Indians lost control of millions of acres of land

borderlands a. Examples of borderlands could include the vast territory from Texas to California where Hispanic and Anglophone cultures have intermingled for centuries. b. During the colonial era in North America, borderlands were often places where European empires and Native American societies engage with each other, including the Great Lakes and Missouri Valley Regions. c. All choices are correct. d. Places where two or more nations or societies border each other, and where power is dispersed among competing actors, resulting in fluid social relations, hybrid cultures, and the absence of firmly agreed sovereignty.

c. All choices are correct.

Battle of Little Big Horn a. The battle came as a result as the U.S. government tried to compel Native Americans to remain on the reservations and Native Americans tried to defend terrritory from white oil seekers. b. Also known as "Custer's Last Stand," in two days, June 15 and 16, 1976, the combined forces of 2500 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians defeated and killed more than 250 U.S. soldiers, including Colonel George Custer. c. Also known as "Custer's Last Stand," in two days, June 25 and 26, 1876, the combined forces of 2500 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians defeated and killed more than 250 U.S. soldiers, including Colonel George Custer. d. Also known as "Custer's Last Stand," in two days, June 25 and 26, 1876, the combined forces of 2500 Apache, Cheorokee, and Navajo Indians defeated and killed more than 250 U.S. soldiers, including Colonel George Custer.

c. Also known as "Custer's Last Stand," in two days, June 25 and 26, 1876, the combined forces of 2500 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians defeated and killed more than 250 U.S. soldiers, including Colonel George Custer.

During the closing decades of the nineteenth century, farmers complained about all of the following EXCEPT a. high interest charges b. large middleman profits c. rising commodity prices d. high freight rates e. high storage costs

c. rising commodity prices

In its report for 1890, the United States Census Bureau indicated that a. infant mortality was no longer a serious problem b. Boston was the second largest city in the United States c. the American frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas d. industrialization was closing the gap in wealth between rich and poor e. the United States had more Catholics than Protestants

c. the American frontier could no longer be distinguished from settled areas

The chart above supports which of the following conclusions regarding economic conditions in the United States during the last third of the nineteenth century? a. Cheap foreign goods were the primary cause for the decline in prices. b. Industrial workers refused to demand higher wages due to declining prices. c. Wheat farming became more lucrative. d. Many American farmers struggled financially. e. Americans with relatively stable incomes found it increasingly difficult to make ends meet.

d. Many American farmers struggled financially.

Dawes Severalty Act An act that broke up Indian reservations and distributed land to ______. Leftover land was sold for money to fund U.S. government efforts to "_______" Native Americans. a. white settlers; imprison b. individual households; educate c. railroad industry; civilize d. individual households; civilize

d. individual households; civilize

What frontier towns were at the end of cattle trails from Texas? a. Topeka, Kansas; Omaha, Nebraska; and Casper, Wyoming b. Kansas City, Kansas; Pueblo, Colorado; and Laramie, Wyoming c. Atchison, Kansas; Greeley, Colorado; and Bozeman, Montana d. Tulsa, Oklahoma; Santa Fe, New Mexico; and Denver, Colorado e. Abilene, Kansas; Sedalia, Missouri; and Cheyenne, Wyoming

e. Abilene, Kansas; Sedalia, Missouri; and Cheyenne, Wyoming

The mining frontier played a vital role in which of the following? a. Ensuring that the mining industry would remain in the hands of independent, small operations. b. Enabling the government to go off the gold standard c. Reducing the bitter conflict between the Indians and whites in the West d. Bringing law and order to the West. e. Attracting the first substantial white population to the West

e. Attracting the first substantial white population to the West

Which of the following statements was not true of the 1862 Homestead Act? a. It made land available to citizens and to immigrants who planned to become citizens. b. Farmers were given ownership of land after living on it for five years. c. To claim land, farmers had to build a dwelling and cultivate the land. d. It provided a system for the federal government to provide land directly to settlers. e. Land speculators were effectively kept from abusing the act.

e. Land speculators were effectively kept from abusing the act.

What ended the reservation system? a. The war between the Sioux and the U.S. Army. b. The alliance of several Native American groups. c. The Battle of Wounded Knee. d. The Battle of Little Bighorn. e. The Dawes Severalty Act.

e. The Dawes Severalty Act.

According to historian Frederick Jackson Turner, a key factor in the development of American individualism and democracy was a. transcendentalism b. the Civil War c. the American Revolution d. Puritan theology e. the frontier

e. the frontier

What can be inferred about Sioux battle culture by looking at the image? a. The Sioux used war paint to intimidate the enemy. b. The Sioux scalped their victims. c. Women fought alongside men.

a. The Sioux used war paint to intimidate the enemy.

Which of the following was the most significant source of the conflict described in this excerpt (Chief Joseph Speech)? a. Competition for land and resources. b. The rise of segregation. c. The growth of industry. d. Nativism.

a. Competition for land and resources.

John Wesley Powell a. Geologist and explorer of the Colorado River's Grand Canyon and later director of the U.S. Geological Survey. b. As he predicted, with the good weather and rain, Western Kansas doubled its population between 1888 and 1892. c. Farmers ignored his favorable prognosis for agriculture in the West and stayed in the East. d. In 1878 promoted that agriculture would be easy with extensive rain beyond the 100th meridian.

a. Geologist and explorer of the Colorado River's Grand Canyon and later director of the U.S. Geological Survey.

The settlement pattern described in the excerpt was most similar to earlier settlement patterns in that it was a. accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership b. motivated largely by the desire to expand Protestant Christianity c. discouraged by the federal government through legislation d. the source of political divisions over the expansion of slavery

a. accompanied by conflict with American Indians over landownership

In 1887, the Dawes Severalty Act was passed to Selected: a. force Native Americans to adopt Western culture and farming practices. b. extend constitutional protections to Native American males. c. move Native Americans onto western reservations. d. compensate Native Americans for prior illegal land contracts. e. help Native Americans retain their cultures.

a. force Native Americans to adopt Western culture and farming practices.

100th Meridian a. The longitudinal line dividing Arizona and California. b. A geographical, north-south line that bisects the United States from the Dakotas through West Texas, marking off the more humid, or well-watered eastern part of the North American continent from the arid landscapes of the West. Traditionally, the meridian was where Americans imagined that the "West" began. c. The latitudinal line dividing the United States and Canada. d. A geographical, east-west line that bisects the United States from the Dakotas through West Texas, marking off the more humid, or well-watered eastern part of the North American continent from the arid landscapes of the West. Traditionally, the meridian was where Americans imagined that the "North" began.

b. A geographical, north-south line that bisects the United States from the Dakotas through West Texas, marking off the more humid, or well-watered eastern part of the North American continent from the arid landscapes of the West. Traditionally, the meridian was where Americans imagined that the "West" began.

Which one of the following factors played the largest role in increasing the settlement of the Great Plains? a. Increase in price of agricultural goods. b. Construction of railroads. c. Removal of the Great Plains Indians. d. Increase in foreign demand for agricultural foods. e. Extended period of economic inflation.

b. Construction of railroads.

What steps did farmers take to adapt to ecological conditions west of 100th meridian line depicted on this map? a. Dry farming, new strains of plants, and drainage b. Dry farming, new strains of plants, and irrigation

b. Dry farming, new strains of plants, and irrigation

African Americans who fled the violence of the Reconstruction South in 1879 and 1880 to start anew in Kansas were known as a. Homesteaders b. Exodusters c. Scalawags d. The Colored Farmer's National Alliance e. Jayhawkers

b. Exodusters

Which of the following contributed most to the process described in the excerpt? a. The industrialization of urban areas in the Northeast b. Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land c. The building of new roads and canals

b. Legislation that facilitated the distribution of western land

Peace Policy a. None of the choices are correct. b. Refers to President Ulysses Grant's failed attempt in 1868 to end the Plains Indian Wars by enlisting Christian missionaries to supervise Indian reservations. c. Refers to President Ulysses Grant's successful attempt in 1868 to end the Plains Indian Wars by enlisting Christian missionaries to supervise Indian reservations. d. The policy failed and was terminated in 1891.

b. Refers to President Ulysses Grant's failed attempt in 1868 to end the Plains Indian Wars by enlisting Christian missionaries to supervise Indian reservations.

What is a reasonable conclusion that can be drawn from the image about the military strategy employed by the Sioux? a. The Sioux used the terrain to their advantage. b. The Sioux counted on the element of surprise. c. The U.S. forces were outnumbered by the Sioux.

b. The Sioux counted on the element of surprise.

Which of the following was a cause of the Battle of Wounded Knee? a. The book A Century of Dishonor inspired sympathy for Native Americans. b. The Sioux refused to give up their practice of the "Ghost Dance." c. The Arapaho were forced on to a reservation. d. Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho formed an alliance. e. The U.S. government was breaking up Cheyenne land.

b. The Sioux refused to give up their practice of the "Ghost Dance.

All of the following is true about the Battle of Little Bighorn except: a. More than 250 U.S. soldiers were killed. b. The battle marks Colonel George Custer's last victory against Native Americans. c. A combined force of 2,500 Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians faced off against U.S. soldiers. d. It was also know as "Custer's Last Stand." e. The advantage gained by Native Americans after the battle did not last long.

b. The battle marks Colonel George Custer's last victory against Native Americans.

Where was the real "safety valve" provided by the late nineteenth century? a. The populist political movements spreading from the Great Plains to California. b. Western cities like Denver and San Francisco. c. The Great length of the Missouri River. d. Alaska, the last frontier. e. The mining industry.

b. Western cities like Denver and San Francisco.

Frederick Jackson Turner a. New historians emphasize that European and American settlers tamed the West, and did not "conquer" it through suppressing the people who had preceeded them in the region. This is in agreement with Turner's essay. b. With the "closing" of the frontier, he was inspired to write one of the most influential essays ever written about American history, The Signigficance of the Frontier in American History. His essay was also referred to as his "Frontier Thesis." c. All choices are correct. d. As the frontier era recedes ever further into the past, scholars are even more persuaded that Turner's essay adequately explains the national character.

b. With the "closing" of the frontier, he was inspired to write one of the most influential essays ever written about American history, The Signigficance of the Frontier in American History. His essay was also referred to as his "Frontier Thesis."This answer is correct.

From the 1880s to the New Deal, the dominant United States government policy toward American Indians was to try to a. preserve native languages and customs b. assimilate them into White culture c. encourage migration to Canada d. relocate all tribes to Oklahoma e. strengthen tribal authority

b. assimilate them into White culture

From the 1880's to the beginning of the New Deal, the dominant American Indian policy of the United Stated government sought to a. encourage American Indian emigration to Canada b. break up tribal landholdings c. relocate all American Indians to the Oklahoma territory d. encourage American Indians to preserve their languages and religions e. strengthen traditional tribal authority

b. break up tribal landholdings

Ultimately, the United States would not take the advice of Chief Joseph, but instead would a. work to enforce existing treaties with the Native Americans. b. confine American Indians to reservations and promoting assimilation. c. use government subsidies to support Indian development of the West. d. work to encourage Indian cultural autonomy.

b. confine American Indians to reservations and promoting assimilation.

During the late nineteenth century, the reduction in price of American agricultural products led to a. farmers facing less of a debt burden. b. farmers being compelled to increase production. c. farmers experiencing greater profit. d. more workers shifting to agricultural work. e. less land being cultivated.

b. farmers being compelled to increase production.

All of the following contributed to the decline of open-range cattle ranching at the end of the nineteenth century EXCEPT a. excessively cold winters b. federal recognition of American Indian land claims c. production of crops for distant markets d. overgrazing e. a drop in cattle prices at stockyards

b. federal recognition of American Indian land claims

Mining Industry a. All choices are correct. b. These metals were not essential to U.S. industrial growth and were never sold into world markets. c. After gold and silver strikes in Colorado, Nevada, and other western territories in the second half of the nineteenth century, fortune seekers by the thousands rushed to the west to dig. d. After surface metals were removed, people sought ways to extract ore from under the ground, leading to the development of the panning technique.

c. After gold and silver strikes in Colorado, Nevada, and other western territories in the second half of the nineteenth century, fortune seekers by the thousands rushed to the west to dig.

Sitting Bull a. Chief of the Nez Perce Indians who had led his people to safe refuge north of the Canadian border after the Battle of Little Big Horn. b. Chief of the Sioux Indians who had surrendered his people to the U.S. Army after the Battle of Little Big Horn. c. Chief of the Sioux Indians who had led his people to safe refuge north of the Canadian border after the Battle of Little Big Horn. d. Chief of the Apache Indians who had led his people to safe refuge north of the Canadian border after the Battle of Little Big Horn.

c. Chief of the Sioux Indians who had led his people to safe refuge north of the Canadian border after the Battle of Little Big Horn.

Based on the map, which of the following statements is true? a. Wheat was only grown along the coast. b. Most of the country's corn was produced in the South. c. Dairy was a major product of the Northeast.

c. Dairy was a major product of the Northeast.

Why is the closing of the frontier dated to 1890? a. The secretary of the interior forbade settlement past the 100th meridian. b. In that year, the secretary of war had prophesied that five hundred years would be needed to fill the West. c. In that year, the census bureau declared that there was no longer a discernible line of advancing pioneer settlement. d. Unsettled areas still remained, which were closed off to American settlement. e. In that year, land was set aside for Yosemite National Park.

c. In that year, the census bureau declared that there was no longer a discernible line of advancing pioneer settlement.

What does this image (Battle of Little BigHorn) suggest about who won the battle? a. The U.S. Cavalry won a decisive victory against the odds. b. The battle was a draw. c. The Sioux decimated U.S. forces.

c. The Sioux decimated U.S. forces.

Which of the following developments helps to explain the change in agriculture depicted in the graph? a. The growth of an internal slave trade provided an enlarged workforce whose labor helped increase agricultural production. b. Increased migration from the West for industrial jobs in eastern cities led to increased consumption of agricultural goods. c. The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods. d. Farmers' cooperative organizations reduced consolidation in the agricultural markets in order to increase production.

c. The extraction of western resources led to the growth of new towns and cities that demanded agricultural goods.

Reservation System a. Land on these reservations was individually owned. b. The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850's and ending with the Indian Reorganization Act in 1934. c. The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850's and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act in 1887. d. The United States government was always kind and understanding to those Native Americans who did not comply.

c. The system that allotted land with designated boundaries to Native American tribes in the West, beginning in the 1850's and ending with the Dawes Severalty Act in 1887.

Sand Creek Massacre a. On November 29, 1864, militia under the command of John C. Chivington assaulted a Cheyenne villiage in southeastern Colorado Territory. b. Initially hailed as a military triumph, it was later found that Chivington's men had attacked the villiage without provocation. c. Over 100 women and children were killed in the massacre. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct

Battle of Wounded Knee a. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues, one of which was the Sioux practice of the "Ghost Dance," which the U.S. government had outlawed. b. A battle between the U.S Army and Dakota Sioux, in which two hundred Native Americans and twenty-nine U.S. Soldiers died. c. Tensions erupted violently over two major issues, one of which was the dispute over whether Sioux reservation land would be broken up because of the Dawes Act.. d. All choices are correct.

d. All choices are correct.

Which of the following was true of the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 ? a. It created American Indian reservations for the first time. b. It led directly to the Battle of Wounded Knee. c. It was intended to recognize the contributions of American Indian peoples. d. It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals. e. It indicated that the federal government had abandoned the goal of American Indian assimilation.

d. It eliminated most tribal land ownership in favor of ownership by individuals.

Red Cloud The ________ Indians famed strategist responsible for the ambush of ________'s command of eighty-one soldiers and civilians in _________. a. Cherokee; Cpt. William Fetterman; Wyoming BigHorn Mountains b. Lakota; Col. George Custer; Wyoming BigHorn Mountains c. Cherokee; Cpt. William Fetterman; Battle of the Wounded Knee d. Lakota; Cpt. William Fetterman; Wyoming BigHorn Mountains

d. Lakota; Cpt. William Fetterman; Wyoming BigHorn Mountains

Why did the U.S. government set aside lands for national parks? a. To encourage westward migration. b. To create future Native American reservations. c. To ensure there would always be land for farming. d. To preserve land in the West. e. To save land parcels for future settlers.

d. To preserve land in the West.

What did the events that took place between Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce and the federal government illustrate about U.S. - Native American relations in the late nineteenth century? a. The government became more active in protecting traditional Native American lands. b. Native Americans became more willing to accept the reservtion system. c. Native Americans were willing to abandon traditional practices for sedentary agriculture. d. Violent conflicts continued to be waged between the Native Americans and the government. e. New farming innovations decreased the need for encroachment onto Native American lands.

d. Violent conflicts continued to be waged between the Native Americans and the government.