Chapter 26 Administration of Medication and Intravenous Therapy
45. What is induration, and what causes it?
an abnormally raised hardened area with clearly defined margins caused by an accumulation of small, sensitized lymphocytes that occurs in the area in which the tuberculin was injected
Generic name
assigned by the pharmaceutical manufacturer that develops the drug, before it receives officIal approval from the FDA
44. Why might a person who was recently infected with tuberculosis have a negative tuberculin skin test result?
bacteria are present but not active
3. What types of liquid agents are administered through IV therapy?
basic fluids, medications, nutrients, blood, or blood products
1. chem/o
chemical
46. What procedures are performed if a patient has a positive reaction to a tuberculin skin test?
chest xray and microbiologic examination and culture off the patient's sputum
41. What are the symptoms of active pulmonary tuberculosis?
chronic cough that last up to three weeks or longer, produces a mucopurulent sputum, occasional hemoptysis (coughing up blood) and chest pain
a. Superscription:
consists of the abbreviation Rx
39. What sites are used most frequently to administer an intradermal injection?
dermal layer of the skin
3. What is a liniment?
drug combined with oil, soap, alcohol, or water
10. What is a capsule?
drug contained in a gelatin capsule that is water-soluble
5. What is a syrup?
drug dissolved in a solution of sugar, water, and sometimes a flavoring to disguise an unpleasant taste
17. What is a controlled drug?
drug that has the potential for abuse
9. pharmac/o
drugs
1. OSHA is responsible for determining whether drugs are safe before release for human use.
false
10. The administration of blood through the IV route is known as an IV push.
false
4. The parenteral route of administering medications is used when the patient is allergic to the oral form of the drug.
false
6. A subcutaneous injection is given into muscle tissue.
false
7. A patient with latent tuberculosis infection has a negative reaction to a TB test.
false
8. A tuberculin skin test result should be read 15 to 20 minutes after administration.
false
6. The maximum amount of medication that can be administered through the subcutaneous route is 2 mL.
false, 1 mL
8. The Mantoux tuberculin skin test is administered through a subcutaneous injection.
false, intradermal
3. The apothecary system is most often used to administer medication in the medical office.
false, metric
5. The dorsogluteal site is the most common site for administering injections in infants.
false, vastus lateralis
4. List examples of outpatient sites in which IV therapy may be administered.
-medical offices and clinics -urgent care centers -ambulatory infusion clinics -the patients home
8. What must be determined by the physician before prescribing IV therapy?
-patients condition warrants the use of IV therapy -no alternative routes are feasible or appropriate to deliver the therapy -the patient does not need to to be hospitalized to receive the IV therapy
50. What are 10 examples of common allergens?
-plant pollens -mold -house dust -animal dander -latex -dyes -soaps -detergents -cosmetics -certain foods -medications -venom from insect stings
9. List reasons for enterically coating a tablet.
-protects the drug from being destroyed by gastric juices -prevents it from irritating the stomach lining
55. What are the advantages of in vitro testing over direct skin testing?
-the results are not affected by medication(antihistamines -no danger of adverse allergic reactions -can be performed on patients who have skin eruptions and are unable to undergo direct skin testing because of the lack of an intact skin surface area
33. What is the purpose of using a filter needle when withdrawing medication from an ampule?
filters out glass particles that might be going into the syringe as well
4. What is a spray?
fine stream of medicated vapor
11. Why must a suppository have a cylindrical or conical shape?
for easy insertion in a body cavity such as a rectum or vagina
23. List two brand names of schedule IV analgesics.
Stadol Talwin
42. What is latent tuberculosis infection?
the individual may experience no symptoms and cannot spread it to others.
14. Define volume.
the only household unit of measurement used to administer medication, amount of space occupied by a substance
36. Why is medication absorbed faster through the intramuscular route than through the subcutaneous route?
there are more blood vessels in muscle tissue
7. What is the purpose of scoring a tablet?
they are marked with an indentation so that they can be broken into halves or quarters for proper dosage
13. trans-
through, across
26. Why is it important for the patient's age to be indicated on a prescription?
to ensure the proper dosage is being dispensed
12. lingu/o
tongue
2. -therapy
treatment
1. A drug is a chemical that is used for treatment, prevention, or diagnosis of disease.
true
10. Chemotherapy is the use of chemicals to treat disease.
true
2. An enteric-coated tablet does not dissolve until it reaches the intestines.
true
2. The generic name of a drug is assigned by the pharmaceutical manufacturer who develops the drug.
true
3. The Rx symbol comes from the Latin word recipe and means "take."
true
4. An anaphylactic reaction can be life threatening.
true
5. Hypodermic syringes are calibrated in milliliters.
true
7. The purpose of aspirating when administering an injection is to ensure the needle is not in a blood vessel.
true
9. The administration of fluids, medications, or nutrients through the IV route is known as an infusion.
true
9. The peripheral veins of the arm and hand are used most often for administering IV therapy.
true
10. sub-
under, below
52. What is the purpose of patch testing?
used to identify allergens that cause contact dermatitis
7. ven/o
vein
Prescribing
when a physician provides a patient with a handwritten or computer generated prescription for a drug to be filled at a pharmacy
16. When is conversion required?
when medication is ordered in a unit of measurement that differs from the medication's label
3. intra-
within
48. What does it mean if the first test of a two-step tuberculin skin test is negative and the second test is positive? What does it mean if both tests are negative?
-ability of immune system of person with previous TB infection to react to tuberculin solution may diminish resulting in a false negative test. when the second dose is administered there is a strong reaction resulting in positive reaction. -classified as noninfected and a positive reaction later to a subsequent TST is likely to represent a new infection
5. List five reasons for administering IV therapy in an outpatient setting?
-administration of IV medication -replacement of fluids and electrolytes -administration of nutritional supplements -administration of blood products -emergency administration of IV medication and fluids
9. What are the responsibilities of the physician in prescribing IV therapy?
-appropriate medication or fluid and treatment plan -orders laboratory tests to monitor the patient's progress -asses the patient after IV therapy
51. What is the general treatment for allergies?
-avoiding the allergen if possible -alleviating the symptoms through drug therapy -decreasing the sensitivity of the body to the allergen by adminstration of allergy injections
7. What requirements must be met before an entry level medical assistant (MA) can perform IV therapy at a medical office?
-check the laws to see if it is legally permissible -must acquire the proper training -supervised clinical practice
37. List the four intramuscular (IM) injection sites, and explain why these sites must be used to administer an IM injection.
-dorsogluteal site -deltoid site -vastus lateralis site -ventogluteal site
35. List three medications commonly administered through a subcutaneous injection.
-epinephrine, insulin, and allergy injections
18. In what forms can a prescription be authorized?
-handwritten -computer-generated prescriptions -sent to a pharmacy by -telephone -fax -electronically
34. What sites are used most frequently to administer a subcutaneous injection?
-lateral part of the arms, anterior thigh, upper back, and the abdomen
10. What instructions should the MA relay to a patient scheduled for outpatient IV therapy?
-length of time required for the therapy -any dietary restrictions -weather to wear loose fitting clothing -whether someone needs to transport the patient to and from the appointment
53. How long does it take for a reaction to occur with a skin-prick test?
15-20minutes
31. What are the advantages and disadvantages of using the parenteral route of administration?
Advantages-when the patient is unconscious or has gastric disturbance Disadvantages-pain and the possibility of infection as a result of breaking the skin
29. List and describe three factors that affect the action of drugs in the body.
Age Disease Size
20. List five brand names of schedule II analgesics.
Duragesic Vicodin Dilaudid Dolophine Roxanol
8. List two drugs that come in the form of chewable tablets.
Pepto-Bismol,Tums reanswer
49. What is the name of the blood test for tuberculosis?
QuantiFERON-TB Gold
30. What are the symptoms and treatment of an anaphylactic reaction?
Symptoms-sneezing, urticaria, itching, erythema, angiodema, disorientation
6. What are the advantages of outpatient IV therapy?
allows the patients the option of being able to continue their daily routine without major interruptions and provides them with greater independence and control over their condition
24. List three brand names of schedule IV antianxiety agents.
Xanax Librium Valium
1. What is intravenous therapy?
administration of a liquid agent directly into a patient's vein, where it is distributed throughout the body by way of the circulatory system
47. Who should have a two-step tuberculin skin test?
adults who are required to undergo periodic tuberculin skin testing
40. What is the most frequent use of an intradermal injection?
allergy test or tuberculin test
27. What functions can be performed by an EMR prescription program?
generates and prints prescriptions, transmit the prescription electronically to the patients pharmacy, and has the capability to refill a prescription & print a list of meds to be taken by the patient
c. Subscription:
gives directions to the pharamacist
43. What are examples of categories of individuals who should have a tuberculin test?
higher risk for tuberculosis exposure or infection or at higher risk for progressing from latent tuberculosis to active tuberculosis
21. What requirements must be followed when issuing a prescription for a schedule III drug?
if authorized by physician it can be refilled up to five times with in 6th months. telephone and faxed prescriptions are also permitted.
32. How do safety-engineered syringes reduce the risk of a needlestick injury?
incorporate a a built in safety device that helps reduce the risk of needle sticks
d. Signatura:
indicates the information to be included on the medication label
38. What types of medication are given using the Z-track technique?
irritating to subcutaneous and skin tissue or that discolor the skin
13. Why is the metric system used most often to administer medication?
it provides a more exact measurement and is easier to use
22. What is a schedule IV drug?
lower potential for abuse than[ schedule III . Currently accepted in the United States
Dispensed
medication give to a patient at the office to be taken at home
Administering
medication that is given to a patient at the office
5. muscul/o
muscle
19. What requirements must be followed when issuing a prescription for a schedule II drug?
must be written in indelible ink or typed, telephone must be filled immediate
Brand name
name under which a pharmaceutical manufacturer markets a drug
15. Describe the use of the household system of measurement.
only when a patient takes liquid medication at home
12. What is a transdermal patch?
patch with adhesive backing, which contains a drug, that is applied to the skin
2. Which veins are most often used for IV therapy?
peripheral veins of the arm and hand
6. -ar
pertaining to
8. -ous
pertaining to
6. What is a tablet?
powdered drug that has been pressed into a disk
11. cutane/o
skin
4. derm/o
skin
b. Inscription:
states the name of the drug and the dose