Chapter 26: Disorders of Blood Flow and Blood Pressure Regulation Patho Prep U
A client has developed atherosclerosis. The nurse knows that a major cause for this disorder is:
hypertension
An older adult client is prescribed a vasodilator for hypertension. Which adverse effect is of greatest concern for an older adult taking this class of drug?
hypotension
Which intervention will the nurse prioritize for the medical management of a client with a dissecting aortic aneurysm?
administration of vasodilators and beta-adrenergic blocking medications (beta-blockers)
The nurse is developing a plan of care for a postsurgical client. A major goal is to prevent the formation of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement?
apply sequential pneumatic compression devices to lower extremities
Atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease is symptomatic with at least 50% occlusion. Due to ischemia, which initial peripheral symptom is associated with this disease?
calf pain
An older adult client is newly diagnosed with hypertension. Which vascular changes in the aging adult can lead to hypertension?
decreased elasticity of the aorta and large arteries
A client is immobilized following a hip injury. The client has developed lower leg discoloration with edema, pain, and tenderness in the midcalf area. How should the nurse document these clinical findings?
deep vein throbosis
From which one of the following sites is a fatal pulmonary thromboembolism most likely to originate?
deep vien throbophlebitis of the leg
A client presents to the emergency department with a sudden onset of acute pain in his left lower leg. The practitioner is unable to palpate pedal pulses and finds the client to be in atrial fibrillation. Which test will the practitioner order to find the source of the emboli?
echocardiogram
A client has been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. Which lab result would the practitioner expect?
elevation of triglycerides
A client with malignant hypertension is at risk for a hypertensive crisis, including the cerebral vascular system often causing cerebral edema. The nurse would assess this client for which signs and symptoms?
headache and confusion
Which intervention by the client will decrease overall cardiovascular risk?
Higher levels of fitness and exercise
A client with hypercholesterolemia is being treated with diet and exercise. Which assessment finding is a positive outcome of this treatment regimen?
increased high-density lipoproteins
The nurse knows that the primary long-term regulation of blood pressure is exerted by which body system?
the kidneys
Which blood vessel layer is composed primarily of smooth muscle cells?
tunica media
The nurse is providing education for a client diagnosed with essential hypertension. The nurse will state that the cause of this disorder is:
unknown
The client has been diagnosed with venous insufficiency after having a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Which signs and symptoms would the nurse expect to see? Select all that apply.
- Edema - Brown pigmentation of the skin - Stasis dermatitis
A client has systolic hypertension. The nurse knows that systolic pressure is influenced by which factors? Select all that apply.
- Heart rate - Compliance of arteries - Stroke volume - Contractile force
The nurse is teaching a group of clients about hypertension. The nurse determines that teaching was effective when the clients state:
- It is the most common cardiovascular disorder. - The incidence increases with age. - The systolic pressure is ≥140 mm Hg.
A client has just been diagnosed with hypercholesterolemia and is asking what treatment will be needed. About which topics should the nurse educate the client? Select all that apply.
- Smoking cessation - Dietary measures to reduce LDL levels - Weight reduction if overweight
The nurse suspects a client has stage 2 systolic hypertension. What systolic pressure would confirm the nurse's suspicion?
140 mm Hg or higher
Which client would the nurse recognize as needing to be assessed for orthostatic hypotension?
An 80-year-old client who has experienced two falls while attempting to ambulate to the bathroom
A postsurgical client reports calf pain combined with the emergence of swelling and redness in the area, which has lead to a diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). What treatment option will be of greatest benefit to prevent further thrombus formation?
Anticoagulation therapy and elevation of the leg
Select the response that best describes the pressure-sensitive receptors that respond to changes in the stretch of the vessel wall.
Baroreceptors
The role of inflammation in the etiology of atherosclerosis has emerged over the last few years. Which lab test is a marker for systemic inflammation?
C- reactive protien
A nurse is planning a community education program on hypertension. Which parameter should be included to explain the regulation of arterial blood pressure?
Cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance
Select the statement that best describes Buerger disease.
Disease of young, heavy cigarette smokers occurring before the age of 35.
What should the nurse teach the client with peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication about exercise?
Exercise can increase blood vessel growth and help to decrease symptoms.
The nurse is teaching a class on reduction of cardiovascular disease. Which action/activity demonstrates an intervention that is cognizant of the modifiable risk factors for hyperlipidemia?
Going for a brisk walk with a friend and talking to him about continuing to exercise regularly
Atherosclerosis begins in an insidious manner with symptoms becoming apparent as long as 20 to 40 years after the onset of the disease. Although an exact etiology of the disease has not been identified, epidemiologic studies have shown that there are predisposing risk factors to this disease. What is the major risk factor for developing atherosclerosis?
Hypercholesterolemia
The student attends a health fair and has his serum cholesterol checked. He has a high lipoprotein level (LDL). He understands which of the following about LDL cholesterol?
It is believed to play an active role in the pathogenesis of the atherosclerotic lesion.
The pediatrician is examining a young client and notes necrotizing damage to the coronary arteries in the child's echocardiogram. The pediatrician suspects the child has which of the following?
Kawasaki disease
A 56-year-old woman presents at the clinic complaining of the unsightliness of her varicose veins and wants to know what can be done about them. The nurse explains that the treatment for varicose veins includes which intervention?
Sclerotherapy or surgery
A client has been diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm. It is most important for the nurse to assess the client for:
Tearing or ripping-type pain in the chest or back
A 54-year-old man with a long-standing diagnosis of essential hypertension is meeting with his physician. The client's physician would anticipate that which phenomenon is most likely occurring?
The conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II in his lungs causes increases in blood pressure and sodium reabsorption.
A 28-year-old client who is a heavy smoker tells the practitioner that he has been experiencing pain in his feet and lower legs for several months. The practitioner notes that pulses in the feet are diminished and believes the client may have:
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Which lipoprotein is the main carrier of cholesterol?
low-density lipoprotien (LDL)
The older adult client tells the health care provider about experiencing dizziness when changing from a lying to a sitting position. The provider will document which condition in the medical record?
orthostatic hypotension
The client's ultrasound shows a thrombus in the venous sinus in the soleus muscle. The nurse explains that early treatment is important to prevent:
pulmonary embolism
A nurse is administering medication to treat familial hypercholesterolemia. Which medication lowers blood levels of low-density lipoproteins (LDL)?
statins
The smooth muscle cells produce vasoconstriction of blood vessels due to innervation by which part of the nervous system?
sympathetic
A client has been diagnosed with chronic obstructive arterial disease. Which client statement indicates she understands how to manage this disease?
"I should have my LDL monitored."
A pregnant female client is at risk for the development of preeclampsia-eclampsia. Select the most important data to assess.
Blood pressure 160/100 mm Hg and proteinuria during the 30th week of pregnancy
A client presents to the emergency department reporting bilateral cyanosis and pallor of the fingers after being out in the cold weather for 5 minutes. The toes are of normal color. What is a potential diagnosis for this client?
Raynaud disease
Which type of blood vessel cells in the tunica media layer produce vasoconstriction and/or dilation of blood vessels?
Vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs)
