chapter 26 EMT

Which of the following head injuries would cause the patient's condition to deteriorate MOST rapidly? a) Epidural hemorrhage b) Cerebral contusion c) Subdural hematoma d) Cerebral concussion

a) Epidural hemorrhage

A short backboard or vest-style immobilization device is indicated for patients who:

are in a sitting position and are clinically stable

A female patient with a suspected spinal injury is breathing with a marked reduction in tidal volume. The MOST appropriate airway management for her includes:

assisting ventilations at an age-appropriate rate.

Which of the following statements regarding cervical collars is MOST correct? a) The patient's head should be forced into a neutral position to apply a cervical collar b) A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization c) Once a cervical collar is applied, you can cease manual head stabilization d) Cervical collars are contraindicated in patients with numbness to the extremities

b) A cervical collar is used in addition to, not instead of, manual immobilization

Common signs and symptoms of a chest injury include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) tachypnea b) hematemesis c) localized pain d) chest wall ecchymosis

b) hematemesis

An epidural hematoma is MOST accurately defined as:

bleeding between the skull and dura mater

The _________ is the best protected part of the central nervous system and controls the functions of the cardiac and respiratory systems.

brain stem

Coordination of body movement is controlled by the:

cerebellum

The MOST common and serious complication of a significant head injury is:

cerebral edema

What nerves allow sensory and motor impulses to be sent from one nerve directly to another?

connecting

Common signs of a skull fracture include all of the following, EXCEPT: a) mastoid process bruising b) ecchymosis around the eyes c) noted deformity to the skull d) superficial scalp lacerations

d) superficial scalp lacerations

The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is used to assess:

eye-opening, verbal response, and motor response

Airbags, in conjunction with properly worn seatbelts, are of MOST benefit when a person is involved in a:

head-on crash

The effectiveness of positive-pressure ventilations when treating a head-injured patient can ONLY be determined by:

immediate reassessment following the intervention.

You arrive at the scene of a major motor-vehicle crash. The patient, a 50-year-old female, was removed from her vehicle prior to your arrival. Bystanders who removed her state that she was not wearing a seatbelt. The patient is unconscious, tachycardic, and diaphoretic. Your rapid trauma assessment reveals bilaterally equal breath sounds, a midline trachea, and collapsed jugular veins. You should be MOST suspicious that this patient has experienced a:

laceration of the aorta.

You are dispatched to a residence for a young female who was kicked in the abdomen by her boyfriend. While en route to the scene, you should ask the dispatcher if:

law enforcement is at the scene

When caring for a patient with a possible head injury, it is MOST important to monitor the patient's:

level of consciousness

The MOST important treatment for patients with a head injury, regardless of severity, is to:

maintain airway latency

The mesentary is/are:

membranous folds that attach the intestines to the walls of the body

When a hollow organ is punctured during a penetrating injury to the abdomen:

peritonitis may not develop for several hours

Because the depth of an open abdominal wound is often difficult to determine:

prompt transport to the hospital is essential.

Following blunt trauma to the chest, an 18-year-old female presents with respiratory distress, reduced tidal volume, and cyanosis. Her blood pressure is 80/50 mm Hg and her pulse is 130 beats/min and thready. You should:

provide some form of positive-pressure ventilation.

A patient who cannot remember the events that preceded his or her head injury is experiencing:

retrograde amnesia

During your rapid trauma assessment of a patient with blunt chest trauma, you note paradoxical movement of the left chest wall. As your partner is administering oxygen to the patient, you should:

stabilize the chest wall with a bulky dressing.