Chapter 26 Quiz

Arrange the following structures in the correct order: 1. Collecting duct 2. Loop of Henle 3. Distal convoluted tubule 4. Glomerulus

4,2,3,1

The vasa recta acts as a countercurrent exchanger in the kidney medulla because: A. The blood leaving and reentering the cortex via the vasa recta has nearly the same solute concentration, therefore it protects the medullary gradient by the rapid removal of salt and reabsorbed water. B.The blood leaving and reentering the cortex via reh vasa recta have very different solute concentration and are used to establish the medullary gradient. C. The blood leaving the vasa recta travels much faster than the blood entering the vasa recta. D. The blood that travels inside the vasa recta is always at a different solute concentration than the medullary interstitium.

A. The blood leaving and reentering the cortex via the vasa recta has nearly the same solute concentration, therefore it protects the medullary gradient by the rapid removal of salt and reabsorbed water.

Ionic concentration increases with vertical depth into the kidney (from cortex to medulla) because A. ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb in the nephron into interstitial fluids. B. water enters the ascending limb from the interstitial fluids. C. nothing is in the medulla to reabsorb ions. D. the ascending limb is impermeable to both water and ions.

A. ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb in the nephron into interstitial fluids.

The part of the nephron which is permeable to both water and ions is the A. proximal convoluted tubule. B. descending limb of the loop of Henle. C. ascending limb of the loop of Henle. D. all of the above.

A. proximal convoluted tubule.

What is line "D" pointing to? A. Filtration slit B. Basal lamina C. Pedicel D. Lumen of the glomerulus E. Fenestration

B. Basal lamina

Water will move: A. In the direction of lower osmotic pressure B. In the direction of higher osmotic pressure C. In the direction of a fluid with the same osmotic pressure D. All of the answer choices are correct

B. In the direction of higher osmotic pressure

This transports urine from the kidney to the bladder A. Urethra B. Ureter C. Descending nephron loop D. Renal hilus E. None of these choices

B. Ureter

Candida albicans and E. coli are which type of abnormal constituent of urine: A. erythrocytes B. microbes C. urobilinogen D. casts E. ketone bodies

B. microbes

What is the normal volume of urine produced in humans? A. 3L / week B. 1L / hr C. 2L / day D. 10L / 24 hours E. 2L / hr

C. 2L / day

The renal filtration membrane is constructed of all the following components except A. Fenestrated glomerular endothelial cells B. A basal lamina C. A layer of dense connective tissue D. Filtration slits of podocytes

C. A layer of dense connective tissue

This occurs when stretching triggers contraction of smooth muscle walls in afferent arterioles A. tubulomerular feedback B. renal autoregulation C. myogenic mechanism D. capsular hydrostatic pressure E. glomerular filtration rate

C. myogenic mechanism

Which is the normal pH range of urine in humans? A.10.0 - 12.0 B. 3.1 - 4.0 C. 8.1 - 10.6 D. 4.6 - 8.0 E. 1.0 - 3.0

D. 4.6 - 8.0

The blood osmolarity increases as it descends into the medulla in the vasa recta becasue: A. The vasa recta is only permeable to water and not NaCl B. The vasa recta is impermeable to both water and NaCl C. The vasa recta is freely permeable to water and NaCl, allowing blood to make passive exchanges with the surrounding interstitial fluid D. As the blood flows into the medullary depths, it loses water and gains NaCl E. The vasa recta is freely permeable to water and NaCl, allowing blood to make passive exchanges with the surrounding interstitial fluid and as the blood flows into the medullary depths, it loses water and gains NaCl

D. As the blood flows into the medullary depths, it loses water and gains NaCl

What is line "C" pointing to? A. Lumen of the glomerulus B. Fenestration C. Pedicel D. Filtration slit E. Basal lamina

D. Filtration slit

An analysis of the physical, chemical, and microscopic properties of urine is called A. filtration study B. diuretic C. osmolarity D. urinalysis E. concentration study

D. urinalysis

The role(s) of water in the human body would include which of the following? A.Transportation B. Participant in chemical reactions C. Temperature regulation D. Assist in lubrication E. All of the answer choices are correct

E. All of the answer choices are correct

What is line "A" pointing to? A. Filtration slit B. Lumen of the glomerulus C. Basal lamina D. Pedicel E. Fenestration

E. Fenestration

This is a test to measure kidney function A. Renal study B. Kidney assay C. Dialysis D. Hilus study E. Plasma creatinine

E. Plasma creatinine

The countercurrent multiplier functions because of: A.The descending limb of the loop is impermeable to water B. The descending limb of the loop is impermeable to solutes C. The ascending limb is permeable to solutes, but not to water D. The ascending limb is permeable to water, but not to solutes E. The descending limb of the loop is impermeable to solutes and the ascending limb is permeable solutes, but not to water

E. The descending limb of the loop is impermeable to solutes and the ascending limb is permeable solutes, but not to water

Which is the correct sequence of events involved in the negative feedback loop involving ADH? I. Increased production of aquaporin -s increased permeability of principal cells in DCT II. Release of ADH from pituitary III. Osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus

III, II, I