chapter 26 quiz
In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.
12
Although Samuel Morse had already invented a telegraph transmission code, it was only in the __________ that major continental landmasses were linked by submarine transoceanic cables.
1860s and 1870s
The speed and efficiency of telegraphic communication was vastly augmented with Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in ________.
1876
Even young children—some as young as __ years old—worked in factories, some alongside their parents as family units.
7
In 1900 Sigmund Freud published his highly influential book on The Interpretation of _______, which developed his ideas of the subconscious mind.
Dreams
The most famous—and most radical—of British political feminists was _________, who together with her daughters formed the Women's Social and Political Union in 1903.
Emmeline Pankhurst
In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.
Frame Breaking Act
One social activist ___________, the child of a wealthy mill, drew attention to the abysmal conditions in his/her father's factories.
Friedrich Engels
__________ argued that rational thought would not improve either the individual or the welfare of humankind; only recourse to the "will to power" will suffice.
Friedrich Nietzsche
Modern industrialization had its start in the following nation:
Great Britain
By 1903, __________ had enhanced the power and range of his device enough to send the first transatlantic radio message, from Cape Cod in the United States to Cornwall in England.
Guglielmo Marconi
All of the following is true of Robert Owen, a factory owner in the north of England, EXCEPT:
He formed an ideal, Utopian community in the United States and lived out his life peacefully in New Hampshire
The phrase, "From each according to his abilities, to each according to his works," was coined by:
Henri de Saint-Simon
The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.
James Watt
The following list is in the correct chronological order:
James Watt perfects the steam engine; The Suez Canal is opened; Thomas Edison perfects the incandescent light bulb; Guglielmo Marconi sends the first transatlantic radio message
Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels dashed off their pamphlet entitled The Communist Manifesto in the city of ____________.
London
The following list is in correct chronological order:
Marx and Engels publish The Communist Manifesto; Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection; Sigmund Freud publishes The Interpretation of Dreams; Albert Einstein publishes on the theory of relativity
In the late summer of 1845, Mary Paul, age 15, went to work in a spinning room in the booming mill town of Lowell, _______.
Massachusetts
Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.
Mauser
The Communist Manifesto declared, "The _________ have nothing to lose but their chains."
Proletarians
The first man to import industrialism into the United States toward the end of the eighteenth century was:
Samuel Slater
By the 1890s, the __________ in the United States produced over 90% of the country's petroleum.
Standard Oil Company
All of the following men contributed significantly to the development of mechanical power EXCEPT:
Thomas Edison
By 1869 the first transcontinental railroad was joined with a final golden spike at Promontory Point, _______, resulting in an astonishing total of 53,000 rail miles in the US by 1870.
Utah
Dynamite was invented by:
a Swedish chemist and engineer, Alfred Bernhard Nobel
All of the following were conducive to industrialization in Britain EXCEPT:
a low rate of unemployment
Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:
an improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region
The English philosopher Herbert Spencer proposed a theory that came to be called "social ________", which sought to apply the ideas of natural selection to races, ethnicities, and peoples.
darwinism
The invention of _______ by the Swedish chemist and engineer Alfred Bernhard Nobel aided in the construction of the Panama Canal (1914).
dynamite
An English _________ League was established for organizing sporting activities in 1888.
football
Ferdinand von Zeppelin's dirigible airship was kept aloft by the incorporation of bags filled with _________ gas and powered by two 16-horsepower engines.
hydrogen
The first fully automatic __________ was conceived by Hiram Maxim, an American inventor and dabbler in electricity.
machine gun
Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.
materialism
Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.
nine
Children frequently began work in mines as "trappers", responsible for:
opening and shutting ventilation doors in mineshafts
In 1911 the Austrian composer and theoretician Arnold Schoenberg announced a new, modern style of musical composition that featured Freudian themes along with:
the noise of engines and machines
The factors that made Britain especially suitable for launching the industrial movement included all of the following except:
the scientific knowledge and interests of a succession of kings
All of the following technological innovations were important to mechanization EXCEPT:
the static shuttle
Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.
vulcanized