Chapter 26—Latin America c. 1750-1900

centralists v. federalists

-principle or system of centralizing power or authority, as of a government -Their adopted name implied a commitment to a loose, decentralized system of government

Cherokee Nation

1. adopted "white" customs including dress, some were wealthy farm owners and cattle ranchers 2. had their own language and newspaper; established its own constitution 3. fought for sovereignty and won under Supreme Court ruling

Simon Bolivar

1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule.

Haitian Revolution

A major influece of the Latin American revolutions because of its successfulness; the only successful slave revolt in history; it is led by Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Mexican-American War

(1846-1848) The war between the United States and Mexico in which the United States acquired one half of the Mexican territory.

Manifest Destiny

A notion held by a nineteenth-century Americans that the United States was destined to rule the continent, from the Atlantic the Pacific.

caudillos

By the 1830s, following several hopeful decades of Enlightenment-inspired revolution against European colonizers, Latin America was mostly ruled by these creole military dictators.

creoles

Descendents of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status.

Porfirio Diaz

Dictator in Mexico from 1876 to 1911. Overthrown by the Mexican Revolution of 1910.

Toussaint L'Ouverture

Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution

Gran Colombia

Independent state created in South America as a result of military successes of Simon Bolívar; existed only until 1830, at which time Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador became separate nations.

Benito Juarez

Mexican reform leader

Dom Pedro I

Son and successor of Dom João VI in Brazil; aided in the declaration of Brazilian independence from Portugal in 1822; became constitutional emperor of Brazil.

Jose de San Martin

South American general and statesman, born in Argentina: leader in winning independence for Argentina, Peru, and Chile; protector of Peru

La Reforma

a liberal reform movement in 19th-century Mexico, led by Benito Juarez

Ghost Dance

a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead

Monroe Doctrine

an American foreign policy opposing interference in the Western hemisphere from outside powers

Mexican Revolution (of 1910)

populist, reformist uprising that overthrew the dictatorial presidency of Porfirio Diaz

United Provinces of Rio de la Plata

result of independence movements led by jose de san martin

Bolivar's "Jamaica Letter"

shown empathy for Bolívar's struggle to gain independence (possibly the governor of Jamaica)