Chapter 27: Intrarenal Disorders

The urea-spitting bacteria contributes to the formation of ________ kidney stones a. struvite b. calcium oxalate c. uric acid d. cystine

a, struvite

The individual at highest risk of pyekonephritis who requires monitoring for signs of its occurence is the a. woman who is paraplegic b. woman who is pregnant c. a man who has glomerulonephritis d. a man who has chronic urinary tract infections

a. a man who has chronic urinary tract infections

The condition characterized by oliguria and hematuria is a. acute glomerulonephritis b. polycystic kidney disease c. cystitis d. renal insufficiency

a. acute glomerulonephritis

The major cause of glomerulonephritis is a. infection of the glomerular capsule secondary to a urinary tract infection. b. immune system damage to the glomeruli. c. hydronephrosis resulting from kidney stones. d. Streptococcus infection that migrates from the bloodstream to the glomerulus.

b. immune system damage to the glomeruli.

The pathophysiological basis of acute glomerulonephritis is a. renal ischemia b. bacterial invasion of glomerulus c. an anaphylactic reaction d. an immune complex reaction

d. an immue complex reaction

A common component of renal calculi is a. calcium b. choesterol c. creatinine d. urobilirubin

a. calcium

Hyperlipidemia occurs in nephrotic syndrome because a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids b. lipids are not excreted in the urine c. body fats are catabolized d. muscles stop burning trilycerides for energy

a. hepatocytes synthesize excessive lipids

A person with acute pyelonephritis would most typically experience a. fever b. olguira c. edema d. hypertension

a. hypertension

The most common sign/symptom of renal calculi is a. pain b. vomitting c. hematuria d. olguria

a. pain

In addition to E. coli, a risk factor for development of pyelonephritis is a. urinary retention and reflux b. nephrotic syndrome c. respiratory disease d. glomerulonephritis

a. urinary retention and reflux

Calcium oxylate stone formation is facilitated by a. hypercalciuria b. hypoparathyroidism c. low urine pH d. protein intake

a.hypercalciuria

A patient who reported a very painful sore throat 3 weeks ago is now diagnosed with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. When asked, "Why is my urine the color of coffee?", the nurse responds a. "Normally, red blood cells that enter the urine are taken back into the blood, but in glomerulonephritis, the kidney disease you have, they stay in the urine and make it coffee-colored." b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored." c. "The bacteria that caused your sore throat have traveled to your kidneys and are causing a little damage there that allows some red blood cells to leak into your urine and make it orange-colored." d. "When parts of your kidneys stopped working, your blood kept flowing and broke some of your little blood vessels, so red blood cells are flowing into your urine and making it coffee-colored."

b. "Your immune system was activated by your sore throat and has caused some damage in your kidneys that allows red blood cells to leak into the fluid that becomes urine and make it coffee-colored."

The organism most commonly associated with acute pyelonephritis is a. Streptococcus b. Escherichia coli. c. Klesbsiella d. Enterobacter

b. Escherichia coli.

A person who is diagnoised with nephrotic sundrome is also experiencing hypoalbuminemia. This happens because a. hepatocyte failure decreases albumin synthesis b. albumin is excreted in the urine c. albumin leakes into the interstitial spaces. d. malnutrition is part of nephrotic syndrome

b. albumin is excreted in the urine

Scrotal pain in males and labial pain in femlaes may accompany renal pain as a result of a. associated infections b. associated dermatomes c. muscle tension d. anxiety

b. associated dermatomes

The most common type of renal stone is a. uric acid b. calcium c. struvite d. cyesteine

b. calcium

The type of glomerulonephritis which is most likely to result in a swift decline in renal function that then progresses to acute kidney injury is a. acute glomerulonephritis. b. crescentic glomerulonephritis. c. post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis. d. chronic glomerulonephritis.

b. crescentic glomerulonephritis

A major modifiable risk factor for nephrolithiasis is a. positive family history b. dehydration c. smoking d. drinking alcohol

b. dehydration

The consequence of an upper urinary tract obstruction is a single ureter is a. kidney stone formation b. hydronephrosis c. dilation of the urethra d. anuria

b. hydronephrosis

The pain that accompanies kidney disorders is called a. nephritic b. nephralgia c. nephrotic d. nephronitis

b. nephralgia

One cause of an extrinsic renal system obstruction is a. clot b. pelvic tumor c. neurogenic bladder d. papillary nectosis

b. pelvic tumor

Signs consistent with a diagnosis of glomerulonephritis include a. anuria. b. proteinuria. c. red blood cell casts in the urine. d. foul-smelling urine.

b. proteinuria

The main clinical manifestations of a kidney stone obstructing the ureter is a. oliguria b. renal colic c. urge incontinence d. an abdonmial mass

b. renal colic

When a patient experiencing nephrotic syndrome asks, "What causes my urine to be so full of protein," the nurse's response is based on the knowledge that a. his glomeruli have been damaged by his own immune system. b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability. c. his liver is extremely active in synthesizing protein. d. his renal tubules are full of cellular debris.

b. the glomerular membrane has increased permeability.

The infection frequently associated with development of postinfectious acute glomerulonephritis is a. pneumonia. b. throat infection. c. endocarditis. d. urinary tract infection.

b. throat infection

Findings that should promt an evaluation for renal cancer include a. bacteria in the urine b. intermittent urinary colic c. hematuria d. red blood cell casts in the urine

c. hematuria

Nephrotic syndrome does not usually cause a.hyperlipidemia. b.proteinuria. c.hematuria. d.generalized edema.

c. hematuria

It is true that polycytic kidney disease is a. always rapildy fatal b. caused by streptococcal infection c. associated with supernumerary kidney d. gentically transmitted

d. gentically transmitted

The most common direct cause of acute pyelonephritis is a. urine obstruction b. systemic bacteremia c. urethral catheterization d. infection by E. coli

d. infection by E. coli

Glomerular disorders include a. pyelonephritis b. obstructive uropathy c. interstitial cystitis d. nephrotic syndrome

d. nephrotic syndrome

Which condition is caused by a genetic defect? a. acute pyelonephritis b. Hydroureter c. incontinence d. Polycystic kidney disease

d. polycystic kidney disease

Nephrotic syndrome involves loss of large amounts of ____________ in the urine. a. blood b. sodium c. glucose d. protein

d. protein

The major underlying factor leading to the edema associated with glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome is a. hematuria b. bacteriuria c. glycosuria d. proteinuria

d. proteinuria

A patient with gouty arthritis develops renal calculi. The composition of these calculi is most likely to be a. potassium oxalate b. stuvite c. cysteine d. uric acid crystals

d. uric acid crystals