Chapter 27, Section 1 Questions
What was a mission?
A mission is a community dedicated to spreading the faith or to educating and protecting people.
Use the terms viceroy, creole, mestizo, peninsulare, and mulatto to describe colonial society.
A viceroy is a representative who ruled one of Spain's provinces in the Americas in the king's name. A creole is a person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was an American-born descendant of Spanish settlers;. A mestizo is a person in Spain's colonies in the Americas who was of Native American and European descent. A peninsulare is a member of the highest class in Spain's colonies in the Americas. A mulatto is in Spain's colonies in the Americas, a person who was of African and European decent.
What was the encomienda system in the Spanish colonies?
At first, the colonists used the encomienda system granted by the Spanish crown. In the encomienda system, colonists had the right to demand labor or tribute from nearby Native Americans.
Why did Europeans import enslaved African to the Americas?
Because of the encomienda system, there was labor shortage. To meet the labor shortage, Spanish officials turned to enslaved workers from Africa. As the European demand for sugar rose, millions of Africans were brought to plantations in the Caribbean and Brazil.
How did the Spanish monarch control the governors of Spain's colonies?
Spain appointed local governors, but they frequently clashed with the conquistadors as well as with the Catholic missionaries. To govern more efficiently, Spain's king Charles V appointed viceroys.
Why did the Spanish start universities in their colonies?
The Church established colonial universities to educate priests. By 1551, there were universities in the Dominican Republic, Mexico, and Peru.
How was land ownership related to social class in the Spanish colonies?
The more land you owned, the higher you were ranked in social class.
Why did members of the religious orders moves to the Americas?
They moved because the people of the Americas didn't have a distinct religion. We know that they were polytheistic, but that could easily be changed. Jesuit and Franciscan religious orders most likely moved there to convert them to their religions.
How was life on plantations similar to and different from life on missions?
They were similar because in both places they grew food. They were mainly different though. Plantation work was generally much more difficult than mission life. Unlike Missions, plantations were run by colonists primarily to make a profit for the owners and investors back home. The plantations were using Native Americans as laborers, while missions learned new skills.
