Chapter 28

27. What happened in Taft's handling of Payne-Aldrich Tariff Bill?

The senate had tacked on hundreds of upward tariff revisions and only few, rare items were left on the duty-free list, but Taft still signed it, saying it was the best bill that the Republican party had ever passed, contradicting his campaign promises to reduce tariffs.

9. What were the 16th, 17th, 18th and 19th amendments?

16th - allowed Congress to levy an income tac without apportioning it among the states or basing it on the Census. 17th - established direct election of US Senators. 18th -

2. Where did Socialists who criticized injustices in early 20th century America get their inspiration?

Socialists who criticized injustices in early 20th century America got their inspiration from the strong movement for state socialism in the Old World.

3. What are the books and ideas of Lincoln Steffens?

Steffens published "The Shame of the Cities" which unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal gov't.

27. What happened in Taft's handling of the challenge to the power of the conservative speaker of the house?

Taft angered many republicans and Roosevelt and his followers, enlarging the divide in the Republican party.

27. What happened in Taft's handling of the Gifford Pinchot situation?

Taft dismissed Pinchot on the narrow grounds of insubordination, angering conservationists and Roosevelt's friends.

28. Where did Taft intervene militarily to ease disorders that threatened American interests abroad?

Taft intervened in the Caribbean countries of Cuba, Honduras, and the Dominican Republic to protect American interests.

22. As president, Taft was more wedded to _____ than to ______.

Taft was more wedded to the status quo than to change.

3. What are the books and ideas of Ida Tarbell?

Tarbell published a devastating but factual expose of the Standard Oil Company.

1. What was the "real heart" of the progressive movement?

The "real heart" of the progressive movement was to use gov't as an agency of human welfare.

15. What was and why did we pass a Federal Meat Inspection Act?

The Federal Meat Inspection Act decreed that the preparation of meat shipped over state lines would be subject to federal inspection, and it was passed because of public outcry against how food was made, and what was brought to light by muckrakers, especially Upton Sinclair.

16. What was the Newlands Act?

The Newlands Act allowed the gov't to collect money from the sale of public lands in the western states and use these funds for the development of irrigation projects.

23. What was Taft's Dollar Diplomacy? Which area of the world was it mainly identified with?

The gov't encouraged Wall Street bankers to sluice their surplus dollars into foreign areas of strategic concern to the United States, especially in the Far East and in the regions critical to the security of the Panama Canal.

18. What was the idea of "Multiple-use resource management"?

The idea was to combine recreation, sustained-yield logging, watershed protection, and summer stock grazing on the same expanse of federal land.

20. The panic of 1907 stimulated reform in what policy?

The panic of 1907 stimulated economic reform, by the passing of the Aldrich-Vreeland Act, which authorized national banks to issue emergency currency backed by various kinds of collateral.

10. Why did the progressives favor a city-manager form of gov't and what was its priority?

They favored a city-manager form of gov't, because it took politics out of municipal administration, trying to get the power back into the people's hands.

3. What are the books and ideas of Thorstein Veblen?

Veblen wrote "The Theory of the Leisure Class", which assailed the new rich.

12. What were the details of the 1902 anthracite coal strike and what did Teddy Roosevelt do?

Around 140,000 workers, many illiterate immigrants, went on strike, demanding a pay raise and a reduction of working hours. Loss of coal started affecting the nation and so Roosevelt invited both sides to the white house and made them compromise, threatening the mine operators with military intervention.

3. What are the books and ideas of Edward Bellamy?

Bellamy wrote "Looking Backward" which he explains the social and exonomic injustices of 1887 and that nationalized big business would serve the public interest.

6. Specifically what where the main motives of the muckrakers? (Was it to overthrow our system?)

Muckrakers focused on revealing the iniquity in American society and assailing malpractices of big businesses and corporations.

13. What are the Elkins and Hepburn acts?

Elkins Act - made it possible to impose heavy fines on on the railroads that gave rebates, and on the shippers that accepted them. Hepburn Act - severely restricted free passes, with their hint of bribery.

26. Who was Hiram Johnson?

Governor of California, made "giant bootstrides" in California

26. Who was Robert La Follette?

Governor of Wisconsin, who emerged as the most militant of the progressive Republican leaders.

5. How did Teddy Roosevelt brand reporters who tried to uncover injustice?

He branded them as muckrakers.

25. Why did Teddy Roosevelt decide to run for president in 1912?

He changed his views about his third term because he saw Taft discarding his policies, and deemed it okay because it wasn't three consecutive terms.

11. How did Teddy Roosevelt's reform program sand on controlling corporations, consumer protection, and natural resources? Did he want to control labor?

His reform programs sanded on controlling corporations and promoted consumer protection, because he felt that the public interest was being submerged. He didn't want to control labor. He implemented the Square Deal.

24. In which case was the Supreme courts "rule of reason" handed down in?

It was handed down at the time that the Supreme Court ordered the dissolution of the mighty Standard Oil Company, which was judged to be a combo in restraint of trade in violation of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

3. What are the books and ideas of Henry Lloyd?

Lloyd wrote "Wealth Against Commonwealth", charging headlong into the Standard Oil Company.

3. What are the books and ideas of Jack London?

London wrote "Call of the Wild" which illustrated that too much civilization might not be good for the national soul. Helped lead to the Boy Scouts of America

3. What are the books and ideas of David Phillips?

Phillips published "The Treason of the Senate" charging 75 of the 90 senators with representing the railroads and trusts, instead of the people.

7. Progressives were mainly from which class, religion, political parties,and what did they want to do?

Progressives emerged from both major parties, in all religions, and at all levels of gov't. Their first objective was to regain the power that had slipped from the hands of the people.

8. What did progressives do to regain power that they thought the people had lost?

Progressives pushed for direct primary elections. They favored the initiative (allowing voters to directly propose legislation themselves), the referendum ( place laws on the ballot for final approval by the people), and the recall (enabled voters to remove faithless elected officials). Tthey also pushed for the Australian ballot (secret ballot).

4. How did progressivism fit in with feminists? With Socialists? The Prohibition movement?

Progressivism fit in with feminists by promoting social reform, like the right to vote, with socialists

26. Who was Charles Evans Hughes?

Republican governor of new York, investigator of malpractices by gas and insurance companies and by the coal trust.

3. What are the books and ideas of Jacob Riis?

Riis wrote "How the Other Half Lives", which was an account of the dirt, disease, vice, and misery of the rat-gnawed human rookeries known as the New York Slums.

14. How did Teddy Roosevelt really stand on trusts? Could they serve a good purpose? What was the role of gov't?

Roosevelt believed there were "good" trusts and "bad" trusts. He wanted to destroy the ones that lusted greedily for power, but didnt want to destroy all large business. When railway trust promoters appealed to the Supreme Court, they sided with Roosevelt and upheld his antitrust suit.

21. How could Teddy Roosevelt most accurately be described as a politician?

Roosevelt should first and foremost be remembered as the cowboy who started to tame the bucking bronco of adolescent capitalism, thus ensuring it a long adult life.

19. How did Teddy Roosevelt weaken himself politically after the election in 1904?

Roosevelt weakened himself by saying that he would definitely not run for a third term, making him less powerful, because it was ensured that he would be gone in 4 years.

17. According to the text, what may have been Teddy Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement?

Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement, is said to be conservation, including reclamation.

3. What are the books and ideas of Upton SInclair?

Sinclair published "The Jungle" appalling the public with his description of disgustingly unsanitary food products, and how they were made.