Chapter 28

At no time except the period of independence (in the 19th century) were there more coups, attempted coups, and uprisings in Latin America than during _____________. Answers: A. 1926-1929 B. 1939-1942 C. 1916-1919 D. 1930-1933

. 1930-1933

Ending in February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad: Answers: A. Marked the turning point in the European war, with a Soviet victory. B. Resulted in the deposition of Joseph Stalin and his exile to the United States. C. Resulted in an Allied victory, with a large deployment of American troops coming to the aid of the Soviets to relieve the siege.

. Marked the turning point in the European war, with a Soviet victory.

Rearmament in Germany under the Nazis was initially secret but became public knowledge after 1935, and the number of planes in its air force grew by a factor of _______ before 1939. Answers: A. 20 B. 3 C. 200 D. 10

200

The Allies in World War I recruited volunteers from among their dominions and colonies in considerable numbers, with the British taking _________ from India alone. Answers: A. 75,000 B. 300,000 C. 800,000 D. 1,500,000

800,000

Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union was: Answers: A. A catastrophe for the peasants, with between 6 and 14 million farmers forcibly removed, and the majority killed outright or worked and starved to death. B. A mixture of private and state investment in factories and small-scale food marketing by peasants. C. A continuation of the policy of "war communism", in which the Red Army was sent into the countryside to requisition food. D. A failure, since it never returned the Soviet Union to prewar levels of industrial production.

A mixture of private and state investment in factories and small-scale food marketing by peasants.

is defined as the maintenance of a self-supporting state economic system. Answers: A. Plutocracy B. Meritocracy C. Autocracy D. Autarky

Autarky

Japan portrayed its imperial bid in the Pacific in the 1930s as the construction of a "Greater East Asia __________ Sphere." Answers: A. Tiger B. Co-Prosperity C. Imperial D. Anti-Colonial

Co-Prosperity

Mussolini's Fascists claimed that they were inaugurating a "_______ state", which theoretically saw all sectors of society contributing in a systematic, orderly, and hierarchical fashion to the health of the whole. Answers: A. Hygienic B. Corporate C. Racial D. Welfare

Corporate

"Lawrence of Arabia" helped the members of a prominent family, the ______ from Mecca, to assume leadership of the Arabs for a promised national kingdom in Syria and Palestine. Answers: A. Hashemites B. Sharifs C. Baathists D. Sauds

Hashemites

Outside the Southern United States, _________ was the state that experienced the surge in racial tensions after World War I, with about 30% of the state's population (including the governor) members of the Ku Klux Klan in 1925. Answers: A. Massachusetts B. Indiana C. Minnesota D. California

Indiana

Mao Zedong, a librarian by training, was an inspiring rural organizer, and he set about developing his ideas of revolution with the heretical idea of: Answers: A. Purging communists and Comintern agents from his government. B. Inviting peasants into the vanguard of his movement. C. Implementing a culture of reading, particularly from the literature of the Zhou period. D. Incorporating landlords into his leadership and creating fair markets for agricultural land.

Inviting peasants into the vanguard of his movement.

Members of the "Harlem Renaissance" among African American artists and intellectuals felt that to be of African descent: Answers: A. Made one more likely to be a Communist, since the proletariat was created by racist policies. B. Meant that one should reject European art forms and celebrate native African forms of expression only. C. Made one part of a larger and richer collective history extending beyond the history of slavery. D. Necessitated a return to Africa, en masse or at least individually.

Made one part of a larger and richer collective history extending beyond the history of slavery.

In his struggle for Indian independence, Mohandas Gandhi pursued a strategy of "satyagraha" or "________". Answers: A. Direct democracy B. Violent revolution C. Soul-force D. Religious orthodoxy

Soul-force

One of the most significant reasons for the continued stagnation of the British economy after World War I was: Answers: A. That nearly half of its budget in the interwar period went to paying off debt from the war. B. Full employment (i.e. a 4% unemployment rate) was reached in 1920, and businesses could not find an adequate work force to staff their businesses. C. That workers demanded high wages in the aftermath of the war effort and businesses reacted too quickly to their demands by raising them. D. The General Strike of 1926 dragged on for 10 months, causing the rise of Oswald Mosley's "Blackshirt" movement.

That nearly half of its budget in the interwar period went to paying off debt from the war.

The Schlieffen Plan, implemented by the Germans at beginning of World War I, came close to succeeding, but it ultimately failed, for all of the following reasons except: Answers: A. The first Battle of the Marne resulted in a French-British victory in early September 1914. B. Austrian forces were less effective than anticipated against the Russians. C. The Russian army mobilized more quickly than expected. D. The Netherlands intervened on behalf of its neighbor, Belgium, threatening to invade Germany.

The Netherlands intervened on behalf of its neighbor, Belgium, threatening to invade Germany.

Among the innovative measures enacted by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the "New Deal" were: Answers: A. The establishment of Medicare, as a health-care system designed to assist retired senior citizens. B. The introduction of the highest trade tariffs in American history, which triggered retaliatory tariffs in other countries and stimulated world commerce. C. The creation of the Mississippi Valley Authority, a public-private cooperative institution that regulated the flow of the river to Louisiana. D. The creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), charged with enforcing regulations and preventing a repetition of the Stock Market Collapse of 1929.

The creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), charged with enforcing regulations and preventing a repetition of the Stock Market Collapse of 1929.

During the rapid process of Hitler's consolidation of power in Germany, which of the following events took place first? Answers: A. The Concordat with the Catholic Church. B. The passage of the "Enabling Act". C. The fire in the Reichstag. D. The remilitarization of the Rhineland.

The fire in the Reichstag.

Irena Sendler smuggled some 2500 Jewish children out of __________ before being arrested and tortured in 1943. Answers: A. Amsterdam B. Berlin C. Warsaw D. Copenhagen

Warsaw

Once Saad Zaghlul and his Wafd party assumed control of Egypt in 1924, they: Answers: A. Threatened to dislodge the British from the Suez Canal zone unless certain concessions were made. B. Were uninterested in industrial development, leaving Egypt entirely dependent on agricultural production and exports. C. Demanded reparations from the French government for Napoleon's invasion in 1798-1799. D. Came to a tenuous agreement with Islamist forces, since they were in a precarious minority government.

Were uninterested in industrial development, leaving Egypt entirely dependent on agricultural production and exports.

Kemal "Atatürk" introduced all of the following measures to Turkey except: Answers: A. The removal of Anatolian farmers into urban factories and schools. B. Women's suffrage. C. The introduction of deficit spending to stimulate the economy. D. The Latin alphabet for writing the Turkish language.

The removal of Anatolian farmers into urban factories and schools