Chapter 28
American motion pictures in the post war years have
Been the primary vehicle for the diffusion of American popular culture throughout the world
In 1948, the Soviets blocked western access to
Berlin
The Indian politician who pursued a policy of neutrality in the Cold War and who attempted to provide leadership to the newly independent countries of Asia and Africa was
Jawaharlal Nehru.
As President of France, Charles de Gaulle's policy toward the Cold War was to
Keep France independent of the superpowers
The Great Leap Forward was
Mao Zedong's effort to achieve a classless society and the final stage of communism.
Which of the following statements is not correct about popular music during the 1950's and 1960's
Rock and roll has no connection with African American music
The first chancellor of the German Federal Republic, Konrad Adenauer
Sought above all a reconciliation of relations with France
The Cold War struggle over Germany resulted in
The creation of two separate German states
The philosophical doctrine of existentialism stressed
The need for people to create their own values and give their lives meaning
In her path breaking text, the second sex, the influential French feminist author Simone de Beauvoir argued that
Women were always and wrongly defined by their differences from men and consequently seen as second class beings
All of the following statements regarding women in the postwar era are correct except
Working women received equal pay with men by the 1960's
The only eastern-European communist country able to remain free of Stalin's control was
Yugoslavia
The Warsaw Pact included all of the following nations except
Yugoslavia.
The independence movement in Hungary in 1956 resulted in
armed Soviet intervention and reassertion of Communist leadership.
Essentially, the Cold war is best described as
clash of Soviet and American ideologies over the most secure geopolitical arrangement of peoples and nations in the aftermath of World War II.
The Truman Doctrine did all of the following except
condemn the victory of the Communists in the Chinese civil war.
The policy created in the 1940s and used by the Americans against
containment.
In an effort to forestall an econcomic downturn, the Truman administration did all of the following EXCEPT
continuing wartime wage and price controls?
The economic policies of Stalin
emphasized the development of heavy industry and the production of modern weapons and space vehicles.
The economic policies of Nikita Khrushchev in the 1950s and early 1960s
failed to benefit the Soviet economy and industry.
The Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962 concluded with
improved communications between the United States and the Soviet Union essential to prevent nuclear war.
The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was
massive retaliation.
American membership in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization did all of the following EXCEPT
reduce America's defense expenditues since the United States would now get help from Western European countries and from Canada.
All of the following were characteristics of President Truman's Marshall Plan EXCEPT
relatively little Marshall Plan aid was sent to so-called less developed countries (sometimes called Third World countries.)
The Vietnam War
showed the limitations of American power, leading to improved Soviet-American relations.
The event that immediately preceded and sparked the Cuban Missile Crisis was
the Bay of Pigs.
Critics of the Truman Doctrine assailed it for all of the following reasons EXCEPT
the Truman Doctrine woud spark a revival of strident America First Committee-style isolationism in the United States
In 1962 President Kennedy responded to proof that there were nuclear weapons in Cuba with
A blockade of the island which required Soviet ships to return to Russia
The American artist Jackson pollock was most noted for
Abstract expressionist paintings
The French colony in Africa which experienced considerable guerrilla war against French rule was
Algeria
The Truman Doctrine was a consequence of a civil war in
Greece.
The Cuban Missile Crisis resulted in
An improvement in communications between the US and the USSR
Tito succeeded in establishing Yugoslavian economic independence by
Appealing to the nationalist feelings of his people; claiming that he was a true Marxist-Leninist; and presideing over a decentralized economy in which workers exercised power.
The 1956 independence movement in Hungary resulted in
Armed Soviet intervention and reassertion of strong Communist leadership
The Allied nations of the Second World War included all of the following except
Austria
All of the following statements about Western Europe are correct except
By the 1950s, industrial production was still 30% less than before World War Two
Post-war Italian politics were characterized by
Chronic instability due to the necessity of parliamentary coalitions
Britain's welfare state was established during the premiership of
Clement Attlee
Post World War II life in the USSR under Stalin saw
Continued low standards of living for the working classes
In the 1950's, president Eisenhower
Continued the new deal programs
Due to it's strong democratic traditions, the last Eastern European country to fall under soviet, one party domination after World War Two was
Czechoslovakia
The country that took the lead in de-Stalinization of its government in 1956 was
Czechoslovakia
World War II not only devastated the countries, cities, peoples, and cultures of Europe, but also destroyed
European supremacy in world affairs
In the postwar world, Canada
Experienced many of the same developments as the US
The Common Market began by
Dropping trade barriers on coal and steel products
American-Soviet conflict in the post-Second World War era first centered on the problem of the future of
East Germany
The first area of conflict in the unfolding of the Cold War was
Eastern Europe.
The common market was
Founded for economic reasons, including to promote free trade among member nations
The country that blocked British entry into the Common Market and withdrew its forces from NATO was
France
The Middle Eastern political leader who promoted Pan-Arabism and who advocated a sharing of Middle Eastern oil wealth equally among the Arab states was
Gamal Abdul Nasser
One of the most significant structural differences between the old League of Nations and the new United Nations was that the United Nations
Gave a veto in the powerful Security Council to the five great powers.
One of the most intriguing elements of Jackson Pollock's art was
His unusual method, influenced by Native American artists
A critical event causing the development of the Cold War outside of Europe was the
victory in 1949 of Communist forces in the Chinese Civil War.
The Truman Doctrine, that promised aid to countries resisting Communist domination, came in response to
Insurgencies within Greece and Turkey
Under Stalin, top priority in production in the Soviet Union was given to
Military goods
What caused President Harry Truman to relieve General Douglas MacArthur of command of the United Nations troops in Korea in April of 1951?
MacArthur began to openly defy Truman's orders on military policy in Korea.
The writings of Simone de Beauvoir
Made women aware of their second class status
After World War II, New York replaced Paris as the capital of the Western art world because
Many European artists fled there during the war to escape persecution; New York's many art galleries promoted the work of new artists; and American artis like Jackson Pollock and Andy Warhol were leaders in the art world.
The post World War Two art world has been mostly dominated by
New York City
The origins of the Vietnam War, in part, lie in the process of decolonization because
the division of Vietnam into antagonistic northern and southern states occurred after Vietnamese military forces had defeated the French, former governors of the region.
The one issue on which the Arab states were united was
Palestine.
Khruschev's de-Stalinization led to revolts in
Poland and Hungary
Which of the following best describes the implementation of the containment doctrine, as developed by George F. Kennan and advaned by President Truman?
Possible Soviet expansion into Greece and Turkey should be blocked by providing firm but not aggressive military, diplomatic, and economic assistance to these two unstable European nations.
What political claim did Republicans make in the afermath of the communist victory in the Chinese civil war?
Pro-communist elements in American foreign policy had prevented nationalist Jian Jeishi form winning the Chinese civil war.
All of the following slowed the growth of organized labor in the post-Word War II era EXCEPT the
Reduced number of women in the work force.
The American plan to aid Europe's economic recovery was designed by
Secretary of State and George Marshall
An example of the relaxation of repressive Stalinism during Khrushchev's regime was the publication of
Solzhenitsyn's A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich.
A key factor contributing to the development of the Cold War in Eastern Europe was
Stalin's desire to establish pro-Soviet governments in the countries of Eastern Europe to serve as a buffer zone against possible western attacks on the Soviet Union.
Which of the following was NOT true of the new Japanese government installed by General Douglas MacArthur in 1946?
The Japanese government joined an American military alliance to prevent the spread of communism in East Asia.
The horrors of two world wars, the Cold War, and attendant socio cultural upheavals have also simulated a late twentieth century religious revival exemplified in the works of Karl Barth who has argued
That the sinful and imperfect nature of humans means that they can know religious truth not through reason but only through the grace of god
Which of the following statements about postwar Britain is FALSE?
The Conservative Party in the 1950s revoked nearly all of the socialist legislation of the Labour Party of the 1940s
Which of the following statement concerning postwar Great Britain is false?
The Conservative party in the 1950s and 1960s revoked nearly all of the welfare legislation passed by the Labour Party in the 1940s
Which of the following was NOT among the features of the increasing domestic anticommunist uproar of the late 1940s?
The Federal Bureau of Investigation successfully prevented the Soviets from stealing American atomic secrets
Which of the following were NOT among the key decisions made by Roosevelt, Stalin, and Churchill at the Yalta Conference?
The Soviets and Americans would militarily withdraw from Europe after a peace treaty was signed.
The civil rights movement of the 1950's and 1960's included all of the following except
The Supreme Court struck down racial segregation in public schools in 1954
The country that took the lead in Big Science was
The United States
Post war Italian politics was characterized by
The hegemony of the Christian democrats with backing from the Catholic Church
Yugoslavia from World War II through the 1970s was characterized by
the leadership of Tito, who asserted Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union.
One overall effect of the Korean War was
The reinforcement of American determination to contain Soviet power in the world
All of the following characterized the NSC-68 document EXCEPT
the national security and military spending prescriptions contained in NSC-68 were embraced by the midwestern isolationist wing of the Republic party.
During the Vietnam War, the South Vietnamese Communist guerillas backed by North Vietnam were known
Vietcong.
An overall effect of the Korean War on the Cold War was
the reinforcement of the American determination to "contain" Soviet power.
"An orgy of blood" refers to
the separation of Pakistan from India.
The only eastern European communist leader to build an independent communist state free from Stalinist control was
Tito
The domestic policy of Nikita Khrushchev in the 1950s and early 1960s
Tried but failed to benefit the Soviet economy and industry
During the Korean War, American General Douglas MacArthur was leader of
United Nations forces, primarily Americans and South Koreans
The 1968 revolt in France that threatened de Gaulle's government was started by
University students
Which of the following was NOT a demographic characteristic of the post-World War II era in the United States?
Urban-suburban integration of blacks and whites in major metropoitan areas.
The Communist response to the formation of NATO was the
Warsaw Pact.
The Berlin Wall
Was a powerful symbol of a divided Germany and Europe
The philosophical doctrine of existentialism, with it's emphasis on god as a fiction, no preordained human destiny, and the human creation of all values
Was best expressed in the works of the French writers Albert Camus and Jean Paul Sartre
African independence parties were usually led by
Western-educated intellectuals.
The social structure of the postwar European society has been greatly affected by a dramatic increase in the number of
White collar management and administrative personnel
The Marshall Plan
included Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.