Chapter 28 and 29 Test 1
A network ___________________ connects two or more computer networks: a. protocol b. switch c. router d. node
c
Which of the following modalities generally produces the sharpest images, due to the large image matrix size and very small pixels: a. Nuclear Medicine b. Sonography c. MRI and CT d. DR and CR
d
Which of the following would result in a displayed digital image which is brighter: a. increased window level b. decreased window width c. increased window width d. decreased window level
d
An example of an intermediate computer language used by compilers and interpreters, not by users, would be: a. binary b. visual basic c. cobol or C++ d. MS word e. hexadecimal or ASC11 code
e
To help identify and direct information to the proper memory location, a unique identifying label called an ____________ is applied to it: a. cursor b. terminal c. bus d. port e. address
e
Which of the following cannot be transmitted through a picture archival and communication system (PACS)? a. radiographs that have been scanned by a film digitizer b. digital projection images c. photostimublable storage phosphor images d. digitally reconstructed images such as CR and MRI e. analog angiography images
e
A 10 bit ADC allows how many shades of gray or brightness levels to be displayed a. 10 b. 200 c. 256 d. 1024
d
Compared to conventional screen film radiography the greatest general advantage to all digital imaging systems is the ability to: a. improve sharpness in the image b. reduce radiation exposure to patients c. eliminate chemical processing d. perform windowing and other post processing operations on the image
d
Compared to digital imaging systems the main disadvantage of conventional film screen radiography was its: a. low spatial resolution b. high operating expanse c. long image acquisition time d. poor detectability of low subject contrast structures
d
Compared to workstations, display stations can typically have: a. print out capability b. image pre-processing controls c. higher cost display screens d. lower resolution display screens
d
Flash memory sticks store data in the form of: a. optical reflections b. magnetic patterns c. light and dark spots d. electric charges
d
For digital imaging each frame displayed consists of a discrete number of rows and columns of picture elements called the: a. detection array b. signal plate c. display table d. matrix e. image raster
d
How many pixels are there altogether in a 1000 x 1000 matrix? a. 2000 b. 100,000 c. 200,000 d. 1 million
d
In a 12 bit analog to digital converter each pixel will have how many possible values a. 256 b. 512 c. 1024 d. 4096
d
The speed at which information can be transferred from one computer device to another is the: a. modem speed b. processor speed c. batch rate d. baud rate e. DMA rate
d
The video display terminal that displays information as a series of letters, numbers or symbols is referred to as: a. graphic display b. binary display. c. cryptic display d. alphanumeric display
d
What is the size of each pixel for a 1024 matrix using a 30 cm field of view: a. 3 cm b. 30 cm c. 3 mm d. 0.3 mm
d
When PAC systems can store over a million medical images using 100 or more discs arranged in stacks called: a. RAIDS b. SANS c. Cylinders d. Jukeboxes e. Pyramids
d
Which of the following are parts of the CPU? a. memory b. the control unit c. the arithmetic/logic unit d. all of the above e. none of the above
d
Which of the following best describes memory that is saved regardless of whether the power to the computer is on or off: a. ROM b. RAM c. Volatile d. Non-volatile e. internal
d
Which of the following is also known as "object code": a. source code b. high level language c. user code d. machine language e. DMA
d
Which of the following is designed to ensure that computerized files of images and patient information cannot be permanently lost: a. PACS b. HIS c. RIS d. RAID
d
A PACS is used as part of an: a. RIS b. CGS c. VDT d. WAN e. DMA
a
All of the following are components of flash memory cell except: a. pits and lands b. a control gate c. a floating gate d. a thin oxide layer
a
Analog images are best characterized as images which have: a. a continuous number of gray shades b. a discrete number of gray shades c. been converted by an ADC d. been transmitted by an electronic device
a
Binary code for the decimal number 19 is: a. 10011 b. 10010 c. 1010 d. 10101 e. 10111
a
For a digital image of a particular size, the use of a matrix size with a smaller number of pixels will result in an image that is: a. magnified b. minified c. resolved with more sharpness d. darker e. higher contrast
a
For a given physical area in which an image is being displayed, the larger the number of pixels in an image matrix the: a. greater the resolution in the image b. greater the number of gray shades in the image c. shorter the acquisition time d. none of the above e. all of the above
a
For the computer to process an image modification of the analog image into digital form is accomplished be a device called a: a. ADC b. SNR c. CPU d. CRT
a
Generically, each user accessible device within a digital imaging network is referred to as an: a. node b. terminal c. window d. PACS e. CRT
a
I/O devices employed in radiologic imaging include all of the following except: a. CPU b. magnetic tape reel c. multiformat camera d. compact disc
a
In effect, what an analog to digital converter (ADC) does is to: a. mathematically round out measurements b. convert all incoming data into ASC11 code c. act as a language compiler d. convert the x-ray signal into an electronic signal e. convert the electronic signal into display brightness
a
In teleradiology, which of the following speeds up the downloading of an image from the RIS to a radiologists home computer? a. DMA b. WAN c. HIS d. VDT e. ROM
a
The VDT in a computer system is an: a. display screen, keyboard and mouse b. CPU and I/O unit c. modem d. SPR and constructor
a
The ability to send radiographic images from one place to another over phone lines, cables or satellite systems is known as: a. teleradiology b. digital steering c. digital archiving d. random access
a
The control panel for most computerized radiographic units incorporates a: a. minicomputer b. microcomputers c. main frame computer d. supercomputers e. analog
a
What data processing method is best suited for displaying medical images: a. On-line processing b. Batch processing c. Real-time processing d. Off-line processing
C
When re-processing an image under a different procedural algorithm, it is recommended that the changed image be: a. Saved as a copy b. Saved as the original image c. Discarded d. Printed out and then discarded
a
The interpretation of the user's instructions along with transfer and retrieval of the information to the proper devices for processing is the function of the: a. control unit b. memory unit c. arithmetic unit d. input/output devices e. compiler
a
Which of the following is most associated with the very first generation of computers? a. peg wheels b. vacuum tubes c. an abacus d. transistor
b
Instructions designed to only be read and followed but can be updated if special equipment or downloads are used, would most likely be stored as a: a. EPROM b. ROM c. RAM d. DRAM
A
Which of the following best describes non-volatile ROM code that is used by specific devices (such as cell phones) when the system first starts up: a. Firmware b. Hardware c. Software d. BIOS
A
The "on" and "off" states representing binary ones and zeros for a flash memory drive are based on: a. Whether laser light is reflected or dispersed b. Whether magnetized iron filaments face one way or another c. The degree of resistance to electrical current d. Whether a flash of light occurs or not
C
Which of the following was the most important step in the development of modern electronic computers: a. the diode b. the transistor c. the capacitor d. the abacus e. the resistor
b
The principle limiting factor for the perception of contrast in an analog imaging system is a. the inherent poor contrast enhancement of analog systems b. the limited range of gray levels that can be perceived by the human eye c. the inability of the components to provide high spatial resolution d. the inability of the components to detect large differences in tissue density
a
When a computer is turned on, the very first interaction is through the: a. bootstrap b. arithmetic/logic unit c. I/O manager d. file manager e. application system
a
When compared to conventional screen film radiography digital radiography exhibits a. wider exposure latitude b. lower contrast c. superior detail d. greater luminance
a
A Universal Serial Bus (USB) port is a type of: a. peripheral b. interface c. compatibility d. modem e. cable
b
A small point within an image that has been assigned a particular gray shade or brightness level is called a: a. resolution point b. pixel c. photo spot d. digital element
b
Each character of the keyboard is normally encoded using 8 bits of binary information. this then constitutes the basic unit by which the capacity of a computer is measured, called an: a. octet b. byte c. bit d. word e. megabit
b
In generic digital imaging terms, the range of the image gray scale is called: a. window b. window width c. center d. window level
b
Of the following, which best represents an analog device: a. a raffle ticket b. a traditional screen/film radiograph c. a gasoline pump with liquid crystal (LCD) readout d. a "hard copy" printout of a computed radiography (CR) image
b
One megabyte is _____ bytes: a. 1000 b. 1 million c. 8 million d. 1,048,476 e. 1 millionth
b
Operating systems, assemblers and compilers are types of: a. high level languages b. systems software c. applications software d. read only memory e. primary memory
b
The increased contrast resolution of digital imaging systems allows demonstration of tissue with inherent subject as low as: a. 0.1% b. 1% c. 10% d. 20%
b
The selection of a narrow window width will: a. decrease overall brightness of the image b. increase contrast in the image c. increase magnification of the central portion of the image d. decrease the size of each pixel
b
UNIVAC, EDVAC, and ENIAC are: a. computer operating systems b. historic computers c. computer languages d. computer compilers e. computer applications
b
When information is to be added, deleted or changed by the computer the information is stored by the: a. read only memory b. random access memory c. arithmetic/ logic memory d. multiformat memory
b
For radiography, the brightness of a particular pixel within the image matrix of a digital image is related to the: a. percentage of hydrogen in the tissue b. radionuclide uptake of the tissue c. attenuation coefficient of the tissue d. interface reflectivity of the tissue
c
In computer terminology, a kilobyte is the equivalent of 1024 characters that consist of bits of information: a. 128 b. 1024 c. 8192 d. 102,400
c
In computer terminology, a single binary digit is referred to as a: a. byte b. integer c. bit d. chip e. glitch
c
In generic digital imaging terms the average brightness level of the image is called a. window b. window width c. window level d. density
c
RAM which is retained by the computer when the power supply is shut off is called: a. ROM b. DRAM c. SRAM d. PRAM e. internal RAM
c
The PACS is the portion of a digital radiologic imaging system that is involved with: a. production of soft copy images b. manipulation of soft copy images c. storage and transfer of soft copy images d. acquisition of soft copy images e. production of hard copy images
c
The binary number 111110 translates to a decimal number: a. 21 b. 30 c. 62 d. 126
c
The general term for making changes in the brightness and contrast of a digital image is: a. automated re-scaling b. image enhancement c. windowing d. histogram analysis
c
To encode is to change from: a. bits to bytes b. bytes to bytes c. ordinary characters to binary digits d. alphabetic characters to decimal characters
c
Which of the following best describes an algorithm: a. a computer language b. rarely used in diagnostic imaging c. an equation in computer language d. an operating system
c
Which of the following directs the flow of information between the keyboard, mouse, monitor screen, printer and other I/O devices? a. The bootstrap program b. The flash driver c. The BIOS d. The DMA e. The ROM
c
Which of the following is an example of a LAN? a. a CPU using ROM b. an SI using CGS c. an RIS using a PACS d. a VDT using a CRT
c
Which of the following is the best example of volatile, secondary RAM? a. a modem b. a magnetic tape c. a compact disk d. firmware
c