Chapter 28 and 29
Match each early-twentieth-century muckraker below with the target of his or her exposé. ___ A. David G. Phillips ___ B. Ida Tarbell ___ C. Lincoln Steffens ___ D. Ray Stannard Baker 1. the United States Senate 2. the Standard Oil Company 3. city governments 4. the condition of blacks [A] A-3, B-1, C-2, D-4 [B] A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 [C] A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 [D] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1 [E] A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
David G. Philipps - The united states senate Ida Tarbell - The Standard Oil Company Lincoln Steffens - city government Ray Stannard Baker - the condition of blacks b
Match each late-nineteenth-century social critic below with the target of his criticism. ___ A. Thorstein Veblen ___ B. Jack London ___ C. Jacob Riis ___ D. Henry Demarest Lloyd 1. "bloated trusts" 2. slum conditions 3. "conspicuous consumption" 4. destruction of nature [A] A-1, B-3, C-4, D-2 [B] A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 [C] A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4 [D] A-2, B-1, C-4, D-3 [E] A-4, B-2, C-3, D-1
Thorstein Veblen - "conspicious consumption" Jack London - destruction of nature Jacob Riis - slum conditions Henry demarest Lloyd - "bloated trusts" b
Match each 1912 presidential candidate below with his political party. A. Woodrow Wilson 1. Socialist B. Theodore Roosevelt 2. Democratic C. William Howard Taft 3. Republican D. Eugene V. Debs 4. Progressive A) A—1, B—2, C—4, D—3 B) A—1, B—3, C—4, D—2 C) A—4, B—3, C—2, D—l D) A—3, B—1, C—2, D—4 E) A—2, B—4, C—3, D—l
Woodrow Wilson - Democratic Theodore Roosevelt - Progressive William Howard Taft - Republican Eugene V. Debs - Socialist e
4. Progressivism [A] supported many reforms advocated by feminists [B] reflected the views of working-class women. [C] offered little to the ever-growing women's movement. [D] followed examples set by women's reform movements in Europe. [E] supported only the demand for woman suffrage.
a
As a part of his reform program, Teddy Roosevelt advocated all of the followingexcept [A] control of labor. [B] consumer protection. [C] an end to railroad rebates. [D] control of corporations. [E] conservation of natural resources.
a
As president, William Howard Taft [A] was wedded more to the status quo than to change. [B] held together the diverse wings of the Republican party. [C] adopted a confrontational attitude toward Congress. [D] was a good judge of public opinion. [E] carried on the legacy of Theodore Roosevelt
a
In 1912 Woodrow Wilson became the first __________ elected to the presidency since the Civil War. A) person born in the South B) Democrat C) lawyer D) non—Civil War veteran E) Presbyterian.
a
InMuller v. Oregon, the Supreme Court upheld the principle promoted by progressives like Florence Kelley and Louis Brandeis that [A] female workers required special rules and protection on the job [B] factory labor should be limited to ten hours a day five days a week. [C] female workers should receive equal pay for equal work. [D] the federal government should regulate occupational safety and health. [E] child labor under the age of fourteen should be prohibited.
a
Most muckrakers believed that their primary function in the progressive attack on social ills was to [A] make the public aware of social problems. [B] formulate a consistent philosophy of social reform. [C] explain the causes of social ills. [D] link up with movements for social justice. [E] devise solutions to society's problems.
a
One unusual and significant characteristic of the anthracite coal strike in 1902 was that [A] the national government did not automatically side with the owners in the dispute. [B] the owners quickly agreed to negotiate with labor representatives in order to settle their differences peacefully. [C] for a time the mines were seized by the national government and operated by federal troops [D] it generated widespread middle-class support. [E] the coal miners' union was officially recognized as the legal bargaining agent of the miners.
a
President Roosevelt believed that the federal government should adopt a policy of __________ trusts. [A] regulating [B] ignoring [C] collusion with [D] dissolving [E] monitoring
a
Progressive reformers were mainly men and women from the [A] middle class. [B] upper class. [C] small towns. [D] lower class [E] new wave of immigrants.
a
Teddy Roosevelt helped to end the 1902 strike in the anthracite coal mines by [A] threatening to seize the mines and to operate them with federal troops. [B] using the military to force the miners back to work. [C] appealing to mine owners' and workers' sense of the public interest. [D] passing legislation making the miners' union illegal. [E] helping the mine owners to import strike-breakers
a
Teddy Roosevelt weakened himself politically after his election in 1904 when he [A] announced that he would not be a candidate for a third term as president. [B] got into a quarrel with his popular secretary of war, William Taft. [C] supported the Federal Reserve Act. [D] began to reduce his trust-busting activity. [E] refused to do anything in response to the "Roosevelt Panic."
a
The 1912 presidential election was notable because A) it gave the voters a clear choice of political and economic philosophies. B) personalities were the only issue of the campaign. C) it was the first time women had the right to vote. D) the Democratic party had split. E) the Socialists competed as a serious third party.
a
The Federal Reserve Act gave the Federal Reserve Board the authority to A) issue paper money and increase the amount of money in circulation. B) close weak banks. C) take the U.S. dollar off the gold standard. D) collect income taxes directly from employees' paychecks. E) establish government—owned public banks.
a
The Progressive "Bull Moose" party died when A) Teddy Roosevelt refused to run as the party's presidential candidate in 1916. B) Teddy Roosevelt lost the presidential race in 1916. C) the United States entered World War I. D) the Republican candidate, Charles Evans Hughes, advocated the same programs as Roosevelt. E) Woodrow Wilson won over most Bull Moose voters.
a
The Sixteenth Amendment provided for A) a personal income tax. B) direct election of senators. C) prohibition. D) woman suffrage. E) abolition of child labor.
a
The Supreme Court's "rule of reason" in restraint-of-trade cases was handed down in a case involving [A] Standard Oil. [B] General Electric. [C] Northern Securities. [D] Armour Meat-Packing. [E] United States Steel.
a
When Congress passed the Underwood Tariff Bill in 1913, it intended the legislation to A) lower tariff rates. B) raise tariff rates. C) eliminate tariffs as a source of revenue. D) essentially maintain the existing tariff schedule. E) aid American farmers.
a
While president, Theodore Roosevelt [A] greatly increased the power and prestige of the presidency. [B] showed no skill and little interest in working with Congress. [C] held rigidly to ideological principles. [D] was surprisingly unpopular with the public. [E] was a poor judge of public opinion.
a
With the outbreak of World War I in 1914, the great majority of Americans A) earnestly hoped to stay out of the war. B) favored entering the war in support of the Allies. C) supported the Central Powers. D) wanted to form a military alliance of neutral nations. E) favored U.S. mediation of the conflict.
a
According to the text, the runaway philosophical winner in the 1912 election was A) socialism. B) progressivism. C) conservatism. D) capitalism. E) feminism.
b
Before he was elected president in 1912, Woodrow Wilson had been A) Presbyterian minister. B) state governor. C) successful businessman. D) Progressive Republican. E) United States Senator.
b
Congress passed the Underwood Tariff because A) big business favored its passage. B) President Wilson aroused public opinion to support its passage. C) the general public had been demanding a higher tariff. D) the tariff kept the graduated income tax from being enacted. E) Wilson gained Western support for tariff reduction.
b
German submarines began sinking unarmed and unresisting merchant and passenger ships without warning A) when the United States entered the war. B) in retaliation for the British naval blockade of Germany. C) in an effort to keep the United States out of the war. D) because international law now allowed this new style of warfare. E) in a last—ditch effort to win the war.
b
Lincoln Steffens, in his series of articles entitled "The Shame of the Cities," [A] attacked the United States Senate. [B] unmasked the corrupt alliance between big business and municipal government. [C] uncovered official collusion in prostitution and "white slavery." [D] laid bare the practices of the stock market. [E] exposed the deplorable condition of blacks in urban areas.
b
Passage of the Federal Meat Inspection Act was facilitated by the publication of [A] Jack London's Call of the Wild. [B] Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. [C] Henry Demarest Lloyd's Wealth Against Commonwealth. [D] Theodore Dreiser's The Titan. [E] Jacob Riis's How the Other Half Lives.
b
Teddy Roosevelt decided to run for the presidency in 1912 because [A] Senator Robert La Follette encouraged him to do so. [B] William Howard Taft had seemed to discard Roosevelt's policies. [C] the Democratic party was split. [D] Taft decided not to run for a second term. [E] he was drafted by the Republican party
b
The Populist Party is mostly politically rooted in a) federalists b) greenback labor party and the populists c) the german social democratic party d) the pre civil war antislavery movement e) social darwinists
b
The progressive-inspired city-manager system of government [A] brought democracy to urban dwellers. [B] was designed to remove politics from municipal administration. [C] made giant strides under the leadership of Hiram Johnson. [D] was developed in Wisconsin. [E] opened urban politics to new immigrants.
b
The settlement house and women's club movements were crucial centers of female progressive activity because they [A] broke down the idea that women had special concerns as wives and mothers. [B] introduced many middle-class women to a broader array of urban social problems and civic concerns. [C] helped slum children learn to read Dante and Shakespeare. [D] became the launching pads for women seeking political office. [E] provided literary and philosophical perspectives on social questions.
b
When Woodrow Wilson won reelection in 1916, he received strong support from the A) East Coast. B) working class. C) business community. D) prowar members of both parties. E) new women voters.
b
Which term best characterizes Woodrow Wilson's approach to American foreign policy diplomacy? A) imperialistic B) moralistic C) realistic D) balance—of—power E) isolationist
b
While president, Theodore Roosevelt chose to label his reform proposals as the [A] Big Stick. [B] Square Deal. [C] Fair Deal. [D] New Deal. [E] Big Deal.
b
Woodrow Wilson's political philosophy included all of the following except A) faith in the masses. B) scorn for the ideal of self—determination for minority peoples in other countries. C) a belief that the president should provide leadership for Congress. D) a belief that the president should appeal over the heads of legislators to the sovereign people. E) a belief in the moral essence of politics.
b
Because of the benefits that it conferred on labor, Samuel Gompers called the _______________ "labor's Magna Charta." A) Federal Reserve Act B) Underwood Tariff Act C) Clayton Anti—Trust Act D) Sixteenth Amendment E) Workmen's Compensation Act
c
In 1912, Woodrow Wilson ran for the presidency on a Democratic platform that included all of the following except a call for A) antitrust legislation. B) monetary reform. C) dollar diplomacy. D) tariff reductions. E) support for small business.
c
One primary effect of World War I on the United States was that it A) opened new markets in Germany and Austria—Hungary. B) suffered severe business losses. C) conducted an immense amount of trade with the Allies. D) turned more of its economic activity toward Latin America and Asia. E) virtually ended American international trade.
c
Political progressivism [A] began in Northeastern big cities. [B] made little difference in American life. [C] emerged in both major parties, in all regions, at all levels of government. [D] died out shortly after Teddy Roosevelt stepped down as president. [E] was more a minority movement than a majority mood.
c
President Woodrow Wilson refused to intervene in the affairs of Mexico until A) American business investors demanded protection. B) Venustiano Carranza became president of Mexico. C) American sailors were arrested in the port of Tampico. D) William Randolph Hearst and his newspaper began a campaign for involvement. E) Pancho Villa conducted raids into New Mexico.
c
Progressive reform at the level of city government seemed to indicate that the progressives' highest priority was [A] economic equality. [B] democratic participation. [C] governmental efficiency. [D] urban planning. [E] free enterprise.
c
The public outcry after the horrible Triangle Shirtwaist fire led many states to pass A) mandatory fire escape plans for all businesses employing more than ten people. B) safety regulations and workmen's compensation laws for job injuries. C) restrictions on female employment in the clothing industry. D) zoning regulations governing where factories could be located. E) laws guaranteeing unions the right to raise safety concerns.
c
When Jane Addams placed Teddy Roosevelt's name in nomination for the presidency in 1912, it A) demonstrated that the Republican party supported woman suffrage. B) ensured Roosevelt's defeat by William Howard Taft. C) symbolized the rising political status of women. D) showed that Roosevelt had lost touch with public opinion. E) demonstrated his concern for international peace.
c
When Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle, he intended his book to focus attention on the [A] unsanitary conditions that existed in the meat-packing industry. [B] deplorable conditions in the drug industry. [C] plight of workers in the stockyards and meat-packing industry. [D] unhealthy effects of beef consumption. [E] corruption in the United States Senate.
c
Woodrow Wilson's attitude toward the masses can best be described as A) open contempt. B) public support but private dislike. C) having faith in them if they were properly educated. D) indifference. E) trust in their natural common sense.
c
Woodrow Wilson's early efforts to conduct an anti—imperialist U. S. foreign policy were first undermined when he A) withdrew support from American investors in Latin America and China. B) repealed the Panama Canal Tolls Act. C) sent American marines to Haiti. D) promised eventual independence to the Philippines. E) conducted a buildup of American military forces in Hawaii.
c
8. The muckrakers signified much about the nature of the progressive reform movement because they a) counted on drastic political change to fight social wrongs b) thrived on publicity rather than social change c) believed that the cure for the ills of American democracy lay in less democracy and more government control d) sought not to overthrow capitalism but to cleanse it with democratic controls e) refused to look beyond middle-class concerns
d
According to progressives, the cure for American democracy's ills was [A] socialism. [B] a more conservative government. [C] a third political party. [D] more democracy. [E] technical and scientific expertise
d
According to the text, Teddy Roosevelt's most enduring, tangible achievement may have been [A] mediating an end to the Russo-Japanese War. [B] his efforts at consumer protection. [C] his efforts supporting the environment. [D] the Panama Canal.
d
As one progressive explained, the "real heart" of the progressive movement was to [A] to promote economic and social equality. [B] preserve world peace. [C] reinstate the policy of laissez-faire. [D] use the government as an agency of human welfare. [E] ensure the Jeffersonian style of government
d
Before his first term ended, Woodrow Wilson had militarily intervened in or purchased all of the following countries except A) Haiti B) the Dominican Republic C) the Virgin Islands. D) Cuba. E) Mexico.
d
In 1913, Woodrow Wilson broke with a custom dating back to Jefferson's day when he A) appointed members of his cabinet without regard to their party affiliation. B) appointed a black man to the Supreme Court. C) endorsed woman suffrage. D) personally delivered his presidential address to Congress. E) rode with his defeated predecessor to the inauguration.
d
President Taft's foreign policy was dubbed [A] the Open Door policy. [B] sphere-of-influence diplomacy. [C] big-stick diplomacy. [D] dollar diplomacy. [E] the Good Neighbor policy.
d
Teddy Roosevelt's New Nationalism A) pinned its economic faith on competition and the breakup of large monopolies. B) opposed the growth of labor unions. C) sought to raise tariffs to protect American industry. D) supported a broad program of social welfare and government regulation of business. E) favored state rather than federal government activism.
d
The Clayton Anti—Trust Act A) held that trade unions fell under the antimonopoly restraints of the Sherman Anti—Trust Act. B) regarded labor as an article of commerce. C) helped Congress to control interstate commerce. D) explicitly legalized strikes and peaceful picketing. E) exempted farm cooperatives from antitrust action.
d
The case ofLochner v. New York represented a setback for progressives and labor advocates because the Supreme Court in its ruling [A] declared unconstitutional a law providing special protection for women workers. [B] ruled that fire and safety regulations were local and not state or federal concerns. [C] declared that prohibiting child labor would require a constitutional amendment. [D] declared a law limiting work to ten hours a day unconstitutional. [E] upheld the constitutionality of a law enabling business to fire labor organizers.
d
The first Jew to sit on the United States Supreme Court, appointed by Woodrow Wilson, was A) Felix Frankfurter. B) Arsene Pujo. C) Abraham Cahan. D) Louis D. Brandeis. E) Bernard Baruch.
d
The idea of "multiple-use resource management" included all of the following practices except [A] recreation. [B] sustained-yield logging. [C] watershed protection. [D] damming of rivers. [E] summer stock grazing
d
Woodrow Wilson's administration refused to extend formal diplomatic recognition to the government in Mexico headed by A) Porfirio Diaz. B) Venustiano Carranza. C) Pancho Villa. D) Victoriano Huerta. E) Emiliano Zapata.
d
41. During his presidency, Theodore Roosevelt did all of the following except a) expand presidential power b) shape the progressive movement c) aid the cause of the environment d) provide an international perspective e) tame capitalism
e
All of the following were prime goals of earnest progressives except A) the direct election of senators. B) prohibition. C) women's suffrage. D) ending prostitution and "white slavery." E) abolishing special workplace protections for women.
e
As World War I began in Europe, the alliance system placed Germany and Austria—Hungary as leaders of the _______________, while Russia and France were among the _______________. A) Central Powers; Holy Alliance B) Central Powers; Triple Alliance C) Allies; Central Powers D) Triple Alliance; Central Powers E) Central Powers; Allies
e
As a politician, Woodrow Wilson was A) clever and agile. B) a showman, like Teddy Roosevelt. C) a man with the common touch. D) willing to compromise with his opponents. E) inflexible and stubborn.
e
As governor of New Jersey, Woodrow Wilson established a record as A) mild conservative. B) reactionary. C) man who could readily work with Democratic party bosses. D) social radical. E) passionate reformer.
e
Female progressives often justified their reformist political activities on the basis of A) the need to assert female power against male oppression. B) America's need to catch up with more progressive European nations. C) women's inherent rights to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. D) the harsh treatment of working women by employers. E) their being essentially an extension of women's traditional roles as wives and mothers.
e
From 1914 to 1916, trade between the United States and Britain A) decreased considerably. B) violated international neutrality laws. C) was carried only on British ships. D) was based on weapons shipments. E) pulled the American economy out of a recession.
e
In the Sussex pledge, Germany promised A) not to sink passenger ships. B) to maintain the territorial integrity of France. C) to halt its naval blockade of Britain. D) to halt all submarine warfare. E) not to sink passenger ships without warning.
e
Of the following legislation aimed at resource conservation, the only one associated with Roosevelt's presidency was the [A] Cary Act. [B] Desert Land Act. [C] Forest Reserve Act. [D] Clean Water Act. [E] Newlands Act
e
President Wilson insisted that he would hold _______________ to "strict accountability" for _______________. A) Britain; repaying the loans made to it by American bankers B) Britain; the disruption of American trade with the European continent C) Germany; starting the war D) Germany; fair treatment of civilians in Belgium E) Germany; the loss of American ships and lives to submarine warfare
e
The Elkins and Hepburn acts dealt with the subject of [A] conservation of natural resources. [B] the purity of food and drugs. [C] regulation of municipal utilities. [D] women's working conditions. [E] railroad regulation
e
The Federal Reserve Act of 1913 guaranteed a substantial measure of public control over the American banking system through the final authority given to the A) Secretary of the Treasury. B) President of the United States. C) United States Senate Banking Committee. D) locally elected regional banks. E) presidentially appointed Federal Reserve Board.
e
The leading progressive organization advocating prohibition of liquor was A) the National Consumers League. B) Hull House. C) the General Federation of Women's Clubs. D) the Progressive Party. E) the Women's Christian Temperance Union.
e
The progressive movement was instrumental in getting both the Seventeenth and Eighteenth amendments added to the Constitution. The Seventeenth called for__________, and the Eighteenth called for__________. [A] income taxes, direct election of senators [B] woman suffrage, income taxes [C] woman suffrage, direct election of senators [D] prohibition, woman suffrage [E] direct election of senators, prohibition
e
To regain the power that the people had lost to the "interests," progressives advocated all of the followingexcept [A] referendum. [B] recall. [C] initiative. [D] direct election of U.S. senators. [E] socialism.
e
When Woodrow Wilson became president in 1912, the most serious shortcoming in the country's financial structure was that the A) large banks were scattered too widely around the country. B) Bank of the United States had been greatly weakened. C) banking system had been overregulated by the federal government. D) U.S. dollar was tied to gold. E) currency was inelastic.
e
Which of the following American passenger liners was sunk by German submarines? A) Lusitania B) Arabic C) Sussex D) Titanic E) None of these was an American ship.
e
Woodrow Wilson was most comfortable surrounded by A) military veterans. B) Catholics. C) political professionals. D) journalists. E) academic scholars.
e
