Chapter 28: Invertebrates

Bilaterally symmetrical animals

All of the choices are correct.

Rotifers (4 Characteristics)

Aquatic microscopic organisms; have a crown of beating cilia called a corona; toes on foot beat to assist in locomotion; can become dormant

Which phylum contains the greatest diversity of animal species?

Arthropoda

Insects

Body divided into head, thorax, and abodmen; undergo complete metamorphosis; include bees, lice, grasshoppers, and butterflies

Which method of reproduction is used by members of Phylum Echinodermata?

Both sexual and asexual

Molluscs (5 Characteristics)

Contain a visceral mass, mantle, and foot; contain a radula to aid in feeding; contain several ganglia connected by nerve cords; have an open circulatory system; include clams, squid, and octopus

Which of the following list of features describes the molluscs and bivalves but not the annelids?

Lack of cephalization, contain a muscular foot and a mantle, may possess a hard outer shell and have a complete digestive system.

Anthropods (5 Characteristics)

Part of protostome claude, ecdysozoans (molting animals), a diverse group that includes crustaceans, insects, and arachnids, share six characteristics including jointed appendages, an exoskeleton, segmentation, and a complete nervous system

Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms?

Roundworms are all parasitic.

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local shellfish because of high levels of toxins, even though you may be able to drink the water taken from the same source. Why?

Shellfish filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the sponges?

Sponges have two tissue layers.

Which statement is NOT true about echinoderms?

The exoskeleton is made of spiny plates.

Sponges (4 Characteristics)

The only animal to lack true tisse; asymmetrical, filter feeders that are perforated by pores, spicules protect them from predators

Identify which of the following feature(s) are found in the cnidarians but not in the comb jellies.

They contain a capsule called a nematocyst.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of "parallel parking" in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is (are) true?

This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

Which body structure describes the freshwater hydra?

a sessile polyp form with the mouth pointing downward

Lateral canals extend into the tube feet, each of which contain _____________ that contract and expand to allow for movement.

ampulla

Spiders, scorpions, ticks, and mites comprise the group known as __________. These organisms have jointed legs that assist in locomotion and ______________ to assist in gas exchange.

arachnids; book lungs

Sea stars reproduce _______________ through fragmentation; if a body fragments, each piece will regenerate into a new sea star.

asexually

Some animals exhibit _________, as is the case with sponges.

asymmetry

Sea stars feed on _______, opening their shells with their ________ _________.

bivalves; tube feet

Once the shell is open, the sea star inserts its ________________ and secretes enzymes that begin the digestion process.

cardiac stomach

Crayfish, lobster, shrimp, and pillbugs comprise the group known as _________. These organisms have __________ composed of __________ that provide protection. These organisms undergo _________, shedding their old skeletons as they grow.

crustaceans; exoskeletons; chitin; ecdysis

Centipedes and Millipedes

each body segment has at least a pair of legs; include "hundred leggers" and "thousand leggers"

Human tapeworm infections occur by

eating insufficiently cooked infected pork or beef.

Animals can also have different numbers of _________ as embryos.

germ layers

Crustaceans

hard crusty exoskeleton composed of chitin and calcium carbonate, head contains compound eyes and five pairs of appendages, include crabs, shrimp, copepods, krill, and barnacles

The major insect body parts are

head, thorax, and abdomen.

Chelicerates (what do they include)

include scorpions, spiders, and horseshoe crabs

Bees, fleas, walking sticks, and flies comprise the group known as insects. Their bodies are segmented into a head, thorax, and abdomen. Insects, such as butterflies, undergo metamorphosis as they grow from larva to adults.

insects; segmented; thorax; metamorphosis; larva

Comb Jellies (5 Characteristics)

largely marine, radial symmetry, have a tissue level of organization, composed of mesoglea, capture prey through colloblasts

Cnidarians (4 Characteristics)

largely marine, radial symmetry, have a tissue level of organization, extracellularly digest within a gastrovascular cavity

Water enters through _____________, through the ___________ canal to the ___________ canal and then to a _____________ canal located within each arm.

madreporites; stone; ring; radial

Within the ________ cavity lies the gills, which contain ______ to aid in water movement and gas exchange.

mantle;cilia

Animals are classified according to all of the following features EXCEPT

mode of reproduction.

Sponges have ____ germ layers, while arthropods have ___ germ layers and cnidarians have ____ germ layers.

no; 3; 2

The circulatory system is ______, with the heart pumping _________ into vessels that open into the hemocoel.

open;hemolymph

Roundworms (6 Characteristics)

part of protostomeclade, nonsegmented, one causes elephantiasis using mosquitoes as a secondary host, ecdysozoans (molting animals), includes the human parasite Ascaris, some live on land,others in water

The excretory system removes waste from the ________ cavity to the ________ cavity where it is excreted through the anus.

pericardial; mantle

Later, food is returned to the sea star where it is further digested by the ____________________.

pyloric stomach

Animals can exhibit _________, as is the case with cnidaria, or ___________, as is the case with humans.

radial symmetry; bilateral symmetry

The colonial flagellate hypothesis implies that _______________ evolved before ________________, which is supported by phylogenies of animal history.

radial symmetry; bilateral symmetry

Annelids (3 Characteristics)

segmented worm, closed circulatory system, include leeches, earthworms, and marine worms

Sea stars reproduce ______________ by releasing eggs and sperm that become larva. These larva mature into adult sea stars.

sexually

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?

sponges

The digestive system of bivalves begins with the mouth and leads to the ______, intestines, ______, and finally the anus.

stomach;heart

A person working in a rice paddy in Asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by

swimming or wading in infected water, where the cercariae enter the skin.

Sponges feed differently than comb jellies because a sponge feeds by

the beating of collar cells' flagellae, which form a current; the current brings food particles which are engulfed and digested by collar cells.

The nervous system is composed of _______ pairs of _________ connected by ________.

three; ganglia; nerves

Because of this, arthropods are called ______ and cnidarians are called _________.

triploblasts;diploblasts

Bivalves include oysters, mussels, shipworms, and scallops and have a ____-part shell that is hinged with powerful _______.

two; muscles

Anthropds (7 Characteristics)

utilize gills, book lungs, or tracheae to exchange gases, include insects, crustaceans, and arachnids, invertebrate coelomates, exhibit cephalization (including a head with sense organs), undergo metamorphosis, have rigid exoskeletons that undergo molting, and exhibit segmenetation with appendages or body parts

Molluscs share a three-part body plan consisting of a

visceral mass, mantle, and foot.

Sea stars move through a __________________________ system.

water vascular