Chapter 28 Pathophysiology NCLEX-Style Review Questions

Which of the following occurs during repolarization? -Positively charged K+ moves outward across the cell membrane -Positively charged Na+ moves outward across the cell membrane -Positively charged Na+ moves into the cell membrane -Positively charged K+ moves into the cell membrane

Positively charged K+ moves outward across the cell membrane

Which degree of "heart block" results in decreased cardiac output and fainting? -Second-degree Type I -Third-degree -Second-degree Type II -First-degree

Third-degree

In which atrioventricular (AV) conduction disorder does the link between the atria and ventricles get lost, resulting in atrial and ventricular depolarization being controlled by separate pacemakers? -Second-degree AV block -Premature ventricular contractions -Third-degree AV block -First-degree AV block

Third-degree AV block

A client who will be undergoing a Holter monitor examination would be given which instruction? -"Keep a diary of your activities and symptoms throughout the examination." -"Lay very still during the procedure for an accurate reading." -"You will need to have an intravenous injection prior to the start of the test." -"Wear clothing that you can exercise in during the test."

"Keep a diary of your activities and symptoms throughout the examination."

The nurse is assessing a client said to be in sinus rhythm. What does the nurse expect to find when evaluating the electrocardiogram? Select all that apply. -Absence of T waves. -A rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute -Irregular rhythm -A "P" before every QRS wave -Constant R to R intervals

A rate between 60 and 100 beats per minute, A "P" before every QRS wave, Constant R to R intervals

Two months following a myocardial infarction (MI), a client visits the health care provider with reports of severe fatigue, shortness of breath, and frequent episodes of palpitations. A 12-lead ECG reveals the client has atrial fibrillation with a heart rate of 120. Which medications should the health care provider consider prescribing for this client? Select all that apply. -Analgesics -Inhalers -Thrombolytics -Anticoagulants -Antiarrhythmics

Anticoagulants, Antiarrhythmics

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia arises from which form of reentry? -Orthodromic -Bundle of His nodal -Arterioventricular (AV) nodal -True

Arterioventricular (AV) nodal

A client presents with sinus bradycardia. What is the nurse's best action? -Assess the client's history -Assess the client's cardiac output -Admit the client to the intensive care unit -Increase the client's monitoring

Assess the client's history

The purpose of a cardioversion device is the treatment of which cardiac disorder? -Sinus tachycardia -Symptomatic bradycardia -Ventricular fibrillation -Atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation

Which class of cardiac antiarrhythmic drugs extends the action potential and refractoriness of the heart's contraction? -Class II -Class I -Class III -Class IV

Class III

A client has been diagnosed with runs of intermittent ventricular tachycardia where the client loses consciousness and needs to be stimulated to recovery. Knowing this history, the nurse will educate the client about which treatment intervention/procedure that will depolarize the heart to allow the sinoatrial node to regain control of the heart? -Education involving automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators implantation -The benefits of ablation therapy bi-monthly -Immediate pacemaker implantation -The benefits of antiarrhythmic drugs and possible side effects

Education involving automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillators implantation

Which statement describes the greatest diagnostic limitation of an electrocardiogram (ECG)? -It is an expensive diagnostic tool. -It can interfere with the heart's conduction system. -It documents only current cardiac function. -It is an invasive procedure.

It documents only current cardiac function.

Considering the PQRST complex of an electrocardiogram (ECG), which letter designation represents atrial depolarization? -QRS complex -T wave -ST segment -P wave

P wave

A client admitted to the emergency department is experiencing sinus tachycardia. What can cause this dysrhythmia that the nurse should monitor for? Select all that apply. -Pain -Blood loss -Hyperthyroidism -Insomnia -Fever

Pain, Blood loss, Hyperthyroidism, Fever

Which of the following is called the pacemaker of the heart? -Arterioventricular (AV) node -Bundle of His -Purkinje fibers -Sinoatrial (SA) node

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Which dysrhythmia is considered to be the most fatal and requires immediate treatment? -Premature atrial contractions -Premature ventricular contractions -Ventricular fibrillation -Atrial flutter

Ventricular fibrillation

The nurse is assisting a client who had a myocardial infarction 2 days ago during a bath. The client suddenly lost consciousness and the nurse was unable to feel a pulse. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation was begun and the client was connected to the monitor with a gross disorganization without identifiable waveforms or intervals observed. What is a priority intervention at this time? -Synchronized cardioversion -Immediate defibrillation -Administration of atropine -Applying a transcutaneous pacemaker

Immediate defibrillation

A client experiencing a sinus arrest would demonstrate which symptom or finding? -Heart rate of greater than 100 beats/min -P-wave that occurs more frequently than expected -Spontaneous persistent sinus bradycardia -Prolonged periods of asystole demonstrated on an electrocardiogram

Prolonged periods of asystole demonstrated on an electrocardiogram

Atrial fibrillation is the most common chronic dysrhythmia whose incidence increases with age. Atrial fibrillation may present as asymptomatic to severe symptomatology. What is the treatment of atrial fibrillation dependent on? Select all that apply. -Atrial rate -Recency of onset -Size of pulse deficit -Etiology -Persistence of dysrhythmia

Recency of onset, Etiology, Persistence of dysrhythmia

Which cardiac drug classification decreases sympathetic outflow to the heart and is the is the cornerstone of therapy for catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT)? -Potassium blockers -Calcium channel blockers -Beta-adrenergic blockers -Sodium channel blockers

Beta-adrenergic blockers