Chapter 29: Government Food Regulations
Once a product is recalled, what are the manufacturers three options?
1. allow the FDA to dispose of the product 2. contest the charges in court 3. request permission of the court to bring the product into compliance under the law
What are the three reasons why the USDA was established?
1. increase farmer's income 2. reduce hunger and malnutrition 3. inspect and grade farm products
Under the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act, which 5 things had to be included on food labels?
1. ingredients in descending order by weight [including food additives, colors, and preservatives] 2.name and form of the product 3. net amount of food 4. name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor 5. Nutrition Facts [nutrient content]
What are the four main duties of the FDA?
1. inspection of facilities and manufacturing processes 2. set standards 3. oversee food labeling 4. regulate food additives
When was the Pure Food and Drug Act passed?
1906
When was the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act passed?
1938
When was the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act passed?
1966
When was the Saccharin Study and Labeling Act passed?
1977
When was the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act passed?
1990
When was FALCPA passed?
2004
How many levels of an FDA recall are there?
3
What does CDC stand for?
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
dangerous or defective products that could cause serious health problems or death
Class I Recall
products that cause a temporary health problem or pose a slight threat of a serious nature
Class II Recall
products that are unlikely to cause any adverse health reaction, but violate FDA labeling or manufacturing regulations
Class III Recall
the international organization that develops international food standards, codes of practice, and other guidelines to protect consumers' health
Codex Alimentarius Commission
a clause added to the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938 stipulating that no additive shall be deemed to be safe if it is found to induce cancer when ingested by man or animal
Delaney Clause
Who was the first president of the FDA?
Dr. Harvey W. Wiley
What does EPA stand for?
Environmental Protection Agency
Name two international agencies that develop global foods standards.
FAO and WHO
What is the oldest federal consumer protection agency in the U.S.?
FDA
Which agency established the Fair Packaging and Labeling Act?
FDA
Which agency oversees the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act?
FDA
Which federal agency regulates food additives?
FDA
Which federal organization ensures that food, drugs, and cosmetics purchased by consumers are safe, wholesome, and produced under sanitary conditions?
FDA
Name four federal agencies that are involved in governmental regulation of food.
FDA, USDA, EPA, and CDC
Which federal agency's purpose is to prevent fraud, deception, and unfair business practices?
Federal Trade Commission
What does FAO stand for?
Food and Agriculture Organization
What does FDA stand for?
Food and Drug Administration
a list of compounds exempt from the food additive definition because they are generally recognized as safe based on a reasonable certainty of no harm from a product under the intended conditions of use
GRAS list
Which two agencies within the Department of the Treasury have jurisdiction over alcoholic beverages?
Internal Revenue Service (IRS) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF)
What is another name for the Pure Food and Drug Act?
Pure Food Law
Where is the FDA based?
Rockville, Maryland
the purpose of this legislation was to create a single independent agency to oversee food safety
Safe Food Act of 1997
Which legislation made it mandatory for all food facilities to register with the FDA?
The Bioterrorism Preparedness Act of 2002
What does FALCPA stand for?
The Food Allergen Labeling and Consumer Protection Act
Which federal agency is responsible for the inspection of fish and fish products?
U.S. Department of Commerce
What are the three COOL labeling categories?
U.S. only origin, foreign only origin, and mixed origin
Which federal agency regulates meat, poultry, and eggs?
USDA
What does USDA stand for?
United States Department of Agriculture
What does WHO stand for?
World Health Organization of the United Nations
the amount of food additive that can be safely ingested daily over a person's lifetime
acceptable daily intake
What are the requirements for a food to be labeled "gluten free?"
contains less than 20 ppm gluten
the required identification of the country of origin on the label for fresh red meat, marinated products, seafood, produce, and peanuts
country of origin labeling
What does DRV stand for?
daily reference values
a product able to treat, prevent, cure, mitigate, or diagnose a disease or disease symptoms
drug
What are the five major nutrients listed on Nutrition Facts labels?
fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbohydrates, and protein
the voluntary process in which foods are evaluated for yield and/or quality
grading
a statement that describes a relationship between a food, food component, or dietary supplement ingredient and reduced risk of a disease or disease-related conditions
health claim
What is the major difference between inspection and grading?
inspection is mandatory but grading is voluntary
What are the exceptions to foods regulated by the FDA?
meat, poultry, and eggs
What foods does the USDA inspect?
meat, poultry, and eggs crossing state lines
What foods does the USDA grade?
meat, poultry, eggs, dairy, grains, fruits, and vegetables
What is the number one reason for the FDA to recall foods?
microbial contamination
Do GMOs have to be labeled?
no
food label descriptions communicating the amount of a nutrient or dietary substance contained in a food or beverage
nutrient content claims
What are the eight major allergens identified by FALCPA?
peanuts, soybeans, cow's milk, eggs, fish, crustacean shellfish, tree nuts, and wheat
civil court action to seize or confiscate a product that is defective, unsafe, filthy, or produced under unsanitary conditions
product recall
a type of health claim that must be accompanied by a "qualifying" statement specifying the degree of scientific evidence that supports it
qualified health claim
this type of USDA grading is based on a food's appearance, texture, and flavor
quality grades
Which type of USDA grading, qualitative or quantitative, is reserved for meats?
quantitative
What are the two types of USDA grading?
quantitative and qualitative
What foods do not require a nutrition label?
raw foods, game, restaurant food, deli and bakery items, coffee, tea, spices, bulk food, infant formula, medical foods, gum, and mints
What does RDI stand for?
reference daily intakes
What are two lesser known roles of the FDA?
research and education of the public
the amount of food customarily eaten at one time
serving size
the amount of raw product that must be put into a container before liquid is added
standards of fill
requirements for the type and amount of ingredients a food should contain in order to be labeled as that food
standards of identity
minimum quality requirements for tenderness, color, and freedom from defects in canned fruits and vegetables
standards of minimum quality
statements identifying relationships between nutrients or dietary ingredients and a body function
structure/function claims
Which federal agency focuses on preventing and controlling foodborne diseases?
the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
What brought about the passing of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
the Elixir of Sulfanilamide
Which federal agency's goal is to protect human health and the environment?
the Environmental Protection Agency
an FDA publication updated every 2 years that explains how food-service organizations can prevent foodborne illness while preparing food
the Food Code
What was exposed by Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?
the filthy conditions in Chicago's meat packing plants
True or False: Only food that has passed inspection may be graded for quality.
true
True or False: Substances on the GRAS list are exempt from the legal requirements for safety testing.
true
True or False: The ATF is partially responsible for enforcing the laws that regulate the production, distribution, and labeling of alcoholic beverages.
true
True or False: The EPA is in charge of determining the safety of new pesticides and set tolerance levels for pesticide residues in foods.
true
True or False: The FDA has jurisdiction over the production of all foods that pass across state lines.
true
True or False: The IRS enforces federal laws regulating alcoholic beverages.
true
a type of health claim that is supported by significant scientific agreement
unqualified health claim
What four vitamins/minerals have percent daily values on all food labels?
vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron
Are irradiated foods labeled as such?
yes, with a Radura
the ratio of the lean muscle tissue to fat, bone, and refuse on the animal's carcass
yield
