Chapter 29 PrepU
Norepinephrine is mainly:
an excitatory neurotransmitter that stimulates the brain to generalized increased activity.
Sympathetic stimulation of the heart causes:
an increased rate and force of myocardial contraction.
In which areas are nicotinic receptors located? (Select all that apply.)
-Central nervous system (CNS) -Autonomic ganglia -Adrenal medulla -Neuromuscular junction
Muscarinic receptor stimulation causes which body response? (Select all that apply.)
-Increased GI motility -Slow pulse
What does the body create using choline?
Acetylcholine
What neurotransmitter does the cholinergic system use?
Acetylcholine
Which neurotransmitter is involved in pre- and postganglionic activity in the parasympathetic nervous system?
Acetylcholine
Nicotinic receptors would be found in which location?
Adrenal medulla
A client is experiencing sympathetic stimulation in response to a stressful event. Which substance will most affect the client's sodium and water retention?
Aldosterone
The anatomy and physiology instructor is discussing adrenergic receptors with the nursing class. What adrenergic receptor would the instructor tell the students is found in the blood vessels, iris, and urinary bladder?
Alpha1
Nicotinic receptors are found in which area?
Autonomic basal ganglia
A patient is admitted to the emergency room after a car accident. Based on the experience of the emergency room nurse, what system will affect a response to the emergency?
Autonomic nervous system
A client in distress has been given dobutamine, a medication intended to increase myocardial activity and heart rate. This medication likely stimulates what adrenergic receptor?
Beta-1
A client with asthma is prescribed albuterol to dilate the bronchioles. The nurse understands that this drug is likely acting on which receptors?
Beta-2
Which effect results from activation of beta2 receptors?
Bronchodilation
Deactivation of norepinephrine (NE) occurs by breakdown of NE by which enzyme?
COMT
Which is a component of the body's sympathetic response?
Decreased bowel sounds
The nursing instructor is explaining the role of the parasympathetic nervous system in influencing body functions. Which change in a patient's body functions would be directly related to the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system?
Decreased heart rate
A patient is suffering from a heart rate of 42 beats per minute. Which system contributes to bradycardia?
Parasympathetic nervous system
A client is experiencing a stress response. Which would the nurse expect to assess?
Diminished bowel sounds
The sympathetic and the parasympathetic nervous systems are continuously at work in our bodies. This continual action provides a sense of balance to all parts of the body. What is the term used to represent this sense of balance?
Homeostasis
Which structure is responsible for the secretion of adrenocorticotropin hormone?
Hypothalamus
Alpha-1 receptors have which actions?
Increase blood pressure
Which would be assessed with parasympathetic nervous system stimulation?
Increased gastric motility
Adrenergic nerves use tyrosine from the diet to make which neurotransmitters?
Norepinephrine
The body uses tyrosine in the diet to make what substance?
Norepinephrine
Most of the free norepinephrine molecules are taken up by the nerve terminal that releases them in which process?
Reuptake
A graduate of a nursing program is scheduled to take the NCLEX today. The test-taker's heart is racing and pupils are dilated. What can the test-taker attribute to this reaction?
Sympathetic nervous system
The nurse is assessing a client. What assessment finding is the clearest indicator of autonomic function?
The client's respiratory rate is 22 breaths per minute
Norepinephrine is made by nerve cells using which substance?
Tyrosine
What would be discussed when describing the parasympathetic nervous system?
Vagus nerve
Which would occur if a drug stimulated beta-2 receptors?
Vasodilation
The physiology instructor explains to the nursing students that beta-2 stimulation leads to:
Vasodilation of blood vessels
Nerve fibers secreting norepinephrine are called:
adrenergic fibers.
Which is a sympathetic nervous system response? (Select all that apply.)
-Increased sweating -Bronchial dilation -Pupil dilation
Which would NOT occur in the body when muscarinic receptors are stimulated? (Mark all that apply.)
-Pupil dilation -Increased heart rate
When working with a client who is experiencing a stress response, the nurse should anticipate what effects? Select all that apply.
-Pupil dilation -Tachycardia -Diaphoresis
The functions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) can be broadly described as:
activities designed to maintain a constant internal environment, to respond to stress or emergencies, and to repair body tissues.
