Chapter 2B

10. To which of the following biological molecules does glycogen belong to a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. nucleotides e. lipids and proteins

a. carbohydrates

17. when glucose enters a cell it is phosphorylated in order to maintain a low glucose concentration in the cell. the enzyme that phosphorylates glucose would be what kind of modulator? a. covalent modulator b. competitive inhibitor c. allosteric modulator d. reversible antagonist e. irreversible agonist

a. covalent modulator

22. the designation Ca2+ means calcium has a. space for two more electrons or transferred 2 electrons. b. gained two more electrons c. space for two more protons d. gained two more protons

a. space for two more electrons or transferred 2 electrons.

6. isotopes of the same element differ by having different numbers of A. protons B. Neutrons C. electrons D. Carbon Atoms E. Double bonds

B. Neutrons

5. Protein specificity is the A. activation of a specific protein that is needed to perform a particular function. B. degree to which a protein is attracted to a ligand C. ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands. D. degree to which a proten-ligand complex initiates a response E. Degree to which a protein is attracted to a ligand and the ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands

C. ability of a protein to bind a certain ligand or a group of related ligands.

2. Which bases below are purines? 1. adenine 2. cytosine 3 guanine 4. thymine 5. uracil A. 1 and 2 B 2 and 3 C 1,3, and 5 D. 1 and 3 E. 2,4, and 5

D. 1 and 3

7. a change in pH value of one unit indicates a A. 1 fold change in [H+] b. change of 10-1 in pH c. change of 10-2 in pH d. 10 fold change in [H+] e. cannot be determined

D. 10 fold change in [1H+]

1. The most important energy-transferring compound in cells is a nucleotide known as A. Glucose B. Fructose C. Protein D. Adenosine triphosphate E. Deoxyribonucleic acid

D. Adenosine Triphosphate

4. A component of an important buffer in the human body is A. NaCl B H+ C. HCI D HCO3- E H2O

D. HCO3-

3. Cholesterol is a A. precursor to steroid hormones B. structural component of cell membrane C. dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body. D. precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes E. precursor to steroid hormones, a structural component of cell membranes, and a dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body.

D. precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes

14. potassium channels are usually composed of several subunits. this is an example of which level of protein structure. a. primary b. secondar c. teritiary d. quaternary e. alpha helix

D. quaternary

16. During intense exercises our muscles produce lactate and hydrogen ions. Which of the following molecules would be affected by the accumulation of hydrogen ions? a. cholesterol in the plasma membrane b. glucose molecules in the adipose tissue c DNA in the nucleus e. phospholipids in the membrane

D. the proteins actin and myosin

18. if a reaction which is stopped by substance X can recover when a lot more of the native activator is supplied, substance X would be considered which of the following a. covalent modulator b. competitive inhibitor c. allosteric modulator d. irreversible antagonist e. a phosphate

b. competitive inhibitor

15 which of the following types of bonds between adjacent amino acids plays an important role in the shape of globular protein a. collagen bonds b. disulfide bonds c. sodium bonds d metallic bond e. secondary bonds

b. disulfide bonds

12. To which of the following groups of biomolecules do triglycerides and steroids belong a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. proteins d. nucleotides e. lipids and proteins

b. lipids

23. in a 5% NaCl solution a. there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of water b. there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution c. the solute is water. d. there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of water and there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution e. here are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution and the solute is water.

b. there are 5 grams of sodium chloride for every 100 mL of total solution

19. which of the following would be considered an allosteric modulator. a. a substance involved in activation via phosphorylation b. a substance that can be displaced by competition at the active side. c. a substance that binds to proteins away from the active site d. a substance that has no effect on the affinity of the ligand e. a substance that binds irrebersibly

c. a substance that binds to proteins away from the active site

9. These are weak attractive forces that are responsible for the surface tension of water. a. a van der Waals atraction b. an ionic bond c. a hydrogen bond d. a covalent bond e a potassium bond

c. hydrogen bond

8. which of the following combinations of element make up 90% of the body's mass a. oxygen, carbon, and nucleic acids b. hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen c. oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen d. carbon dioxide, oxygen, and sodium e. sodium, potassium, and calcium

c. oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen

24. a fatty acid that contains three double bonds in its carbon chain is said to be a. saturated b monounsaturated c polyunsaturated d. hydrogenated e carboxylated

c. polyunsaturated

11. which of the following biological molecules exhibit the characteristics of saturation, specificity and competition a. carbohydrates b. lipids c. receptor proteins d. nucleotides e. lipids and proteins

c. receptor proteins

25. most of the lipid found in the human body is in the form of a. steroids b phospholipids c. triglycerides d. prostaglandins e. monoglycerides

c. triglycerides

20. A(n) is any molecule or ion that binds to another molecule. a. phospholipid b. enzyme. c. vitamin d. ligand e. cofactor

d. ligand

13. Hemoglobin molecules are made from four globular protein subunits. the three-dimensional shape of these globular subunits would be an example of which of the following levels of protein structure. a. primary b. secondar c. teritiary d. quaternary e alpha helic

d. quaternary

26. Glycoprotein molecules a. act as buffers in body fluids b. increase the solubility of lipids c. allow atoms to pack closely together and occupy minimum space d. aid in the formation of chemical bonds between carbon atoms e. create a coat on the cell surface that assists in cell aggregation and adhesion and recognition

e. create a coat on the cell surface that assists in cell aggregation and adhesion and recognition

two methods of protein activation include_______and ________. a exergonic, endogonic b. enzymatic, glycolytic c. homeostatic, osmotic d. mechanistic, covalent bonding e. proteolytic, cofactor binding

e. proteolytic, cofactor binding