Chapter 3: American Sign Language

What happened to the signs developed by Native Communities when early settlers and missionaries colonized the Indigenous people?

It was eradicated

Is ASL the youngest known developed sign language? Yes No

No

Is International Sign (IS) a formal language?

No

ASL can be used as an linguistic imperialism in other countries True or False

True

Alice Cogswell first teacher was Lydia Huntley (later Sigourney and she taught Alice the 2-handed British signed alphabet. True or False

True

Deaf and hearing people can learn both social and academic signs True or False

True

Linguistic imperialism is still happening today True or False

True

Sign Language and gestures were used by hearing people as far back as 1619 during slave trading. True or False

True

How long does it take for a language to become "standardized"? Instantly 1 year 5 years Two or 3 generations 5 generations

Two or 3 generations

Does NYS accept ASL for foreign language credit?

Yes

Examples of linguistic imperialism include (select all that apply) one. When government policy does not allow recognition of signed language two. Milan conference in 1880 three. Black children who previously attended segregated schools and now attending white deaf schools four. When a language is recognized and accepted five. When ASL is taught and used exclusively in other countries six. Forceful integration of Indigenous people to white schools

1 2 3 5 6

Match the term with the correct definition one. Phonology two. Morphology three. Grammar four. Semantics five. Discourse A. The meaning of the sign/word B. Morphemes C. How signs and words are put in order to show the relationship between the signs/words D. Parts of the language which make up words or signs E. Conversation techniques F. How language creates new signs or words G. Classifiers

1-d 2-f 3-c 4-a 5-e

After meeting Alice Cogswell, where did Thomas Gallaudet first go to learn new methods of educating Deaf children? 1. Braidwood schools in England 2. Martha's Vineyard 3. Institut Royal des Sourds-Muets in Paris 4. Hartford College, Connecticut

1. Braidwood schools in England

How is regular signing to a Deafblind person (hand over hand) different from Protactile? 1. Protactile is you are always touching the Deafblind person and you are giving them a lot more information than regular signing. 2. Protactile involves Braille as well 3. Regular signing also involves the Tadoma method

1. Protactile is you are always touching the Deafblind person and you are giving them a lot more information than regular signing.

What are home signs and gestures? 1. Signs developed within the home without any other language modeling 2. Signs used at home 3. Signs developed by hearing parents with deaf children 4. Signs developed by deaf children at home schools for the deaf

1. Signs developed within the home without any other language modeling

There are approximately [x] languages around the world.

144

According to the book "The 1619 Project", slavery was established in USA in (year)[x]

1619

ASL was formally recognized as a natural language in _________ by Dorothy Casterline, Carl Cronenberg and William C. Stokoe. 1950 1960 1970 1980

1960

American Sign Language, which is slightly less than 300 years old, came from several older sign languages. What were they? 1. Old British Sign Language, Native Sign Language, and home signs and gestures used in different homes. 2. Old Spanish and French Sign Language, Native or Indigenous Sign Languages, African-American sign language, and the sign languages of New England villages. 3. Old Spanish Sign Language, Costa Rica Sign Language and the native sign languages of different villages in Mexico. 4. Old Canadian Sign Language, Plains Indian Sign Languages and Alaskan Sign Language as well as sign languages of Greenland

2. Old Spanish and French Sign Language, Native or Indigenous Sign Languages, African-American sign language, and the sign languages of New England villages.

Deaf Interpreters (DI) can be used in what situations 1. They are not used because there is no need for them 2. Only when there is a hearing interpreter 3. Anywhere there is a need for them for communication purposes 4. Only in educational, medical, workforce, mental health, and legal settings

3. Anywhere there is a need for them for communication purposes

Which sign language was used by both Deaf and hearing people in schools, churches and at the marketplace? 1. Plains Indian Sign Language (PISL) 2. Old Spanish Sign Language 3. Old French Sign Language 4. Martha's Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL)

4. Martha's Vineyard Sign Language (MVSL)

How many states in USA accept ASL for foreign language credit? Zero! 1 45 All 50!

45

Match the correct modalities A. Speaking B. Sign Language C. Deaf-Blind people a. Visual-gestural b. Protactile c. Writing d. Auditory e. Tactile

A-d B-a C-e

American Sign Language (ASL) is universal. True or False

False

Linguistic imperialism is when one language is better than another. True or False

False

It doesn't say this in the book, but one of the reasons Gallaudet was refused the opportunity to learn the Braidwood method was because Braidwood were only interested in establishing their own oral programs and didn't want to share their "trade secrets" with Gallaudet who will in turn establish competing schools in the USA. The other reason was because they wanted him to stay for about 6 months or longer. Gallaudet didn't have the funds and the time to delay his trip that long. So, he went off to where... next? France Brazil Spain Switzerland

France

In the Native Communities what term did they use to refer to as sign language?

Hand-talk

The first school for the deaf, now known as the American School for the Deaf, was established by Deaf Frenchman Laurent Clerc and hearing American Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet in _________________ during the year of ______. Hartford, Connecticut; 1817 Pittsburgh, Pennyslvania; 1871 Annapolis, Maryland, 1977 Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, 1694 Rochester, New York; 1917

Hartford, Connecticut; 1817

Select all that were true about Black ASL (BASL)... a. Largely developed in isolated in Black schools b. Black schools were segregated despite the Civil War being over c. Largely used by Black schools in the southern states d. Used by Black Deaf people all over the USA during the Civil War era e. Is the same as white signers f. Those who are older, will tend to use more two-handed signs g. Older signers would more likely to use forehead level signs and use a larger sign space h. Older signers would use different signs than white signers

a b c f g h

Why are signed languages around the world and sometimes within a single country, so different even if, for example, they are use English (written or spoken)? (select all that apply) a. Because they have different spoken languages within the same country b. Because they have different language structures c. Because they have different educational systems for the Deaf d. Because they have different cultures e. Because they have different histories f. Because they have different Deaf signers

a b d e

The "French Method" was.. (select all that is true) a. Was developed organically/naturally among the Deaf French people living in Paris b. Included articles and grammatical markers of language c. Developed by Roch Abroise Curron Sicard d. Developed by Abbe de l'Epee e. Was developed by Juan Martin Pablo f. Developed by a hearing French man g. Used natural French sign system, but modified the signs

b d f g

ASL is spread among Deaf/HH people MOSTLY through (select all that apply) a. Diagonal transfer, from mainstream school teacher to deaf child. b. Extrasensory perception among Deaf people in Deaf communities. c. Diagonal transfer, from school for the deaf teacher to Deaf child. d. Vertical transfer, from hearing parent to deaf child. e. Horizontal transfer, from Deaf person to Deaf person. f. Vertical transfer, from Deaf parent to Deaf child.

c e f

Iconicity refers to how the [a] [b] [c] [d] [e] [f]. And modality refers to how the language is [g].

form of language resembles its meaning expressed

In signed languages, it's phonology consists of [a], [b], [c], [d], [e].

handshape location movement palm orientation nonmanual signals