Chapter 3 BIO 105

34. Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase? A. Increase in size and accumulation of building blocks for DNA synthesis. B. Duplication of organelles and accumulation of components needed for actual cell division. C. DNA replication. D. Beginning of chromosome condensation. E. Cytokinesis occurs

E. Cytokinesis occurs

1. Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory? A. R. J. H. Dutrochet B. Nehemiah Grew C. Robert Hooke D. Rudolph Virchow E. Schleiden and Schwann

E. Schleiden and Schwann

12. The cell wall functions _______________________. A. as support B. as a barrier between plant and outside environment C. as protection for fragile cells D. to provide and maintain functional cell shape E. all of these

E. all of these

43. The secondary cell wall forms ______________________________. A. after the cell reaches mature size and shape B. in some, but not all plant cells C. forms between the cell membrane and the primary cell wall D. from cellulose and lignin E. all of these

E. all of these

25. Which of the following may be found in plant cell vacuoles? A. water-soluble pigments B. crystals C. salts D. sugars E. all of these answers are correct

E. all of these answers are correct

20. Which of the following are common to nearly all plant and animal cells? A. plasmodesmata B. cell wall C. centrioles D. plastids E. cell membrane

E. cell membrane

19. The watery fluid found in vacuoles is called A. chromatin. B. stroma. C. cristae. D. protoplasm. E. cell sap.

E. cell sap.

6. Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell but NOT in a prokaryotic cell? A. chloroplast B. cell membrane C. mitochondrion D. nucleus E. chloroplast, mitochondria, and nucleus are correct.

E. chloroplast, mitochondria, and nucleus are correct.

39. A characteristic of metaphase is that A. chromatids separate and move apart. B. chromosomes are arranged randomly. C. microtubules are synthesized. D. the nucleolus re-forms. E. chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane.

E. chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane

24. Which of the following are not found within chloroplasts? A. starch grains B. DNA C. ribosomes D. enzymes E. dictyosomes (Golgi bodies)

E. dictyosomes (Golgi bodies)

14. The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a A. vacuolar membrane. B. primary cell wall. C. secondary cell wall. D. middle lamella. E. plasma membrane.

E. plasma membrane.

27. Which of the pairs is mismatched? A. chloroplast; photosynthesis B. nucleus; chromosomes C. microtubule; movement D. mitochondrion; energy production E. ribosome; digestion

E. ribosome; digestion

44. Leeuwenhoek is credited with applying the term cell to the boxlike compartments he saw in cork tissue.

FALSE

46. A plasma membrane consists primarily of carbohydrate molecules.

FALSE

47. The region of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber may be attached is called a chromatid.

FALSE

48. Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) appear as branches of chloroplasts in the cell.

FALSE

52. Protein synthesis takes place in the mitochondria.

FALSE

53. Cyclosis is another name for the cell cycle.

FALSE

54. Vacuoles function in regulating the movement of RNA out of the nucleus.

FALSE

56. Leucoplasts contain yellow to orange pigments

FALSE

57. Phragmoplasts are produced during prophase of mitosis.

FALSE

11. Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls? A. RNA B. cellulose C. lignin D. protein E. pectin

A. RNA

31. The middle lamella A. appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers. B. consists mainly of cellulose. C. appears during anaphase. D. is not formed if the phragmopast is present. E. is an important living portion of the cell.

A. appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers.

32. In which phase of the cell cycle does replication (duplication) of the DNA take place? A. interphase B. prophase C. metaphase D. anaphase E. telophase

A. interphase

35. In plants such as ferns, conifers, and flowering plants, mitosis takes place mostly in A. meristems. B. wood. C. the center of stems. D. the center of roots. E. leaves.

A. meristems.

15. Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of ____________________. A. phospholipids and proteins B. cellulose and lignin C. pectins and proteins D. nucleic acid and wax E. carbohydrates and proteins

A. phospholipids and proteins

4. The feature of a microscope that determines its greatest useful magnification is the ___________________. A. resolution B. intensity of the light source C. type of light used D. use of stains and dyes E. none of these

A. resolution

22. Enzymes are synthesized on A. ribosomes. B. chloroplasts. C. Golgi bodies. D. the nucleus. E. microbodies.

A. ribosomes

37. If a cell has 6 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present during metaphase of mitosis? A. 6 B. 12 C. 18 D. 24 E. cannot be determined

B. 12

2. Who first saw boxlike compartments with a simple microscope and named them "cells"? A. Anton van Leeuwenhoek B. Robert Hooke C. Francis Crick D. Charles Darwin E. Gregor Mendel

B. Robert Hooke

7. Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of __________________; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of ______________. A. fungi; plants B. bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals C. fungi; plants and animals D. plants and animals; bacteria E. viruses; bacteria

B. bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals

36. Following chromosome duplication, the 2 chromatids are held together at the A. centrosome. B. centromere. C. telomere. D. kinetochore. E. centriole.

B. centromere.

13. The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is A. protoplasm. B. cytosol C. cell sap. D. pectin. E. stroma.

B. cytosol

9. In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular? A. endoplasmic reticulum B. middle lamella C. nucleolus D. chromosomes E. ribosomes

B. middle lamella

26. The structure known as the ______________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus. A. ribosome B. nucleolus C. mitochondrion D. dictyosome (Golgi) E. nucleus

B. nucleolus

16. Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes? A. nucleotides B. phospholipids C. proteins D. carbohydrates E. steroids

B. phospholipids

3. _____________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers. A. Magnifying glasses B. Cameras C. Electron microscopes D. Telescopes E. The Hubble telescope

C. Electron microscopes

33. In mitosis the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles during A. prophase. B. metaphase. C. anaphase. D. telophase. E. interphase.

C. anaphase.

8. According to the endosymbiotic theory A. all living organisms are composed of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit considered to be living. B. living organisms can arise from non-living matter and that the type of organism formed depends on the type of non-living matter. C. chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell. D. new species arise when a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures. E. DNA controls the activities of the cell by specifying what proteins are to be synthesized.

C. chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell.

29. Which organelle is correctly matched with its function? A. endoplasmic reticulum; starch storage B. nucleolus; DNA synthesis C. dictyosome (Golgi); packaging D. chloroplast; RNA synthesis E. vacuole; membrane synthesis

C. dictyosome (Golgi); packaging

41. The _______________________ initiates the formation of the new cell wall separating two daughter cells. A. cell plate B. centriole C. phragmoplast D. dictyosome E. endoplasmic reticulum

C. phragmoplast

38. Chromosomes shorten and thicken during this stage of the cell cycle. A. metaphase B. anaphase C. prophase D. telophase E. cytokinesis

C. prophase

21. Which of the following structures found in living cells is not bound by a membrane or membranes? A. Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) B. plastids C. ribosomes D. endoplasmic reticulum E. nucleus

C. ribosomes

17. Which of the following do NOT develop from proplastids? A. chloroplasts B. chromoplasts C. symplast D. leucoplasts E. amyloplasts

C. symplast

10. Mitochondria are A. the sites of protein synthesis in the cell. B. mainly found in vacuoles. C. the sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions. D. a part of Golgi bodies. E. devoid of internal structure.

C. the sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions.

5. __________________ microscopes allow scientists to see atomic structure of molecules. A. Compound B. Scanning electron C. Dissecting D. Scanning tunneling E. Confocal scanning

D. Scanning tunneling

23. The stacks of double membrane structures found in chloroplasts are A. plasma membranes. B. vacuolar membranes. C. dictyosomes (Golgi bodies). D. grana. E. smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

D. grana.

18. Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within the cell are A. thylakoids. B. ribosomes. C. mitochondria. D. microtubules. E. lysosomes.

D. microtubules.

30. Cyclosis is explained as the A. cycling of DNA to RNA. B. secretion of cyclin. C. cloning of a gene. D. movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell. E. cyclic nature of the mitotic process.

D. movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell.

42. Communication between two daughter cells is maintained by the formation of ___________ during cytokinesis. A. the middle lamella B. the primary cell wall C. the secondary cell wall D. plasmodesmata E. microtubular links

D. plasmodesmata

40. The cell plate appears during A. metaphase. B. interphase. C. prophase. D. telophase. E. prophase II.

D. telophase.

28. Maintaining the internal pressure of plants cells is a function of the A. dictyosome (Golgi). B. cytoplasm. C. lysosome. D. vacuole. E. microtubules.

D. vacuole

45. Pasteur discovered that alcoholic fermentation involved the activity of yeast.

TRUE

49. Cell vacuoles contain water and dissolved substances.

TRUE

50. The nuclear envelope is porous to allow certain molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm.

TRUE

51. The preprophase band, the spindle fibers, and the phragmoplast are involved in cell division and are part of the cytoskeleton.

TRUE

55. Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in vacuoles.

TRUE

58. Replication (duplication) of DNA takes place during the S period of interphase.

TRUE

59. Strictly speaking, mitosis refers only to division of nuclei—not cells.

TRUE

60. Material to be viewed with a transmission electron microscope must be nonliving

TRUE