Chapter 3 Child Development

The embryo and fetus develop within an __________ sac, which functions as a shock absorber, among other things.

Amniotic.

A few days into the germinal stage, the dividing cell mass becomes a fluid-filled ball of cells that is called a __________.

Blastocyst.

Toxemia is mainly characterized by high __________ pressure.

Blood.

Women __________ (can or cannot?) be successfully treated for syphilis during pregnancy.

Can.

__________ was once prescribed to help women maintain their pregnancies, but it caused cervical and testicular cancer in some of their children.

DES.

Without sex hormones, all embryos would develop the appearance of __________ (males or females?)

Females.

Heavy maternal use of alcohol is linked to __________ alcohol syndrome (FAS).

Fetal.

Mothers usually detect fetal movements during the __________ month.

Fourth.

The dividing cluster of cells is nourished by the yolk of the ovum before __________.

Implantation.

The babies of women who regularly used __________ during pregnancy have been found to show increased tremors and startling.

Marijuana.

The fetal stage is characterized by __________ of organ systems and gains in size and weight.

Maturation.

Mothers who ingest folic acid reduce their risk of giving birth to babies with __________tube defects.

Neural.

The __________ (inner or outer?) layer of cells of the ectoderm develops into the nervous system, the sensory organs, and the outer layer of skin.

Outer.

Women who smoke during pregnancy deprive their fetuses of __________, sometimes resulting in stillbirth or persistent academic problems.

Oxygen.

The __________ permits the embryo to exchange nutrients and wastes with the mother.

Placenta.

Development follows two general trends" cephalocaudal and __________.

Proximodistal.

In __________ incompatibility, antibodies produced by the mother are transmitted to a fetus or newborn infant and cause brain damage or death.

Rh.

Fetal exposure to the heavy metals lead and mercury can __________ (slow or accelerate?) mental development.

Slow.

__________ are environmental agents that can harm the developing embryo or fetus.

Teratogens.

Fetuses apparently discriminate sounds of different pitches during the __________ trimester of pregnancy.

Third.

The outer part of the blastocyst-called the __________-differentiates into membranes that will protect and nourish the embryo.

Trophoblast.

The embryo and fetus are connected to the placenta by the __________.

Umbilical cord.