chapter 3

Put the ocean basins in order from smallest to largest, with the smallest at the top

- indian ocean - atlantic ocean - pacific ocean

Areas where rivers meet the sea are called _____.

estuaries

Barrier Reef

located some distance off the shore of a continent or island

Off the western coast of South America, surface water moves offshore and deep water moves toward the surface. The upward movement of deep water here is called

upwelling

Due to human's killing them directly and a decline in krill (zooplankton) populations, which marine organism suffered great loss in numbers?

whales

What characteristics do salt marshes and mangrove forests share?

They are located along low-laying coasts.

What function may tidal currents play in salt marshes and mangrove forests?

They may break up and transport plant litter.

The smallest fragments of plastic in aquatic environments are called

microplastics

Which of the following is a way in which tidal currents are important in estuaries, salt marshes, and mangrove forests?

- They contribute nutrients to the habitat. - They can be involved in transporting organisms into or out of the habitat.

Select only the statements that apply to neap tides.

- This tide is created when the moon is at a right angle from the sun in the earth-moon-sun system. - It occurs at times of the first and third quarter moon. - High and low tides are weaker than usual.

Which of the following are examples of human threats to marine life?

- dumping nuclear waste into the ocean - dumping chemical waste into the ocean - overfishing

Thermohaline circulation

- is a deep water current - involves cold, sinking saline water - is driven by density differences - transport deep water nearly around the globe

What two chemical factors listed have the biggest impact on the biology of aquatic environments?

- oxygen concentration - salinity

Tiny photosynthetic organisms that drift with the currents are called _____, , while their animal counterparts are called _____.

- phytoplankton - zooplankton

How can water enter reservoirs in the hydrologic cycle?

- subsurface flow - surface flow - precipitation

What properties make water an ideal medium for life?

- the buoyancy it provides for organisms in it - its resistance to changes in temperature

Small invertebrate larvae would be an example of _____, while clusters of green algae cells would be an example of _____, which drift in the epipelagic zone.

- zooplankton - phytoplankton

How much of the earth's surface is covered by water?

71%

An example of a barrier reef is the Great Barrier Reef, which stretches across the northeast coast of _____.

Australia

Which of the following statements accurately describes thermohaline circulation?

Cold saline waters sink in polar regions because they are dense and then travel great distances until they rise and connect to surface circulation

What is the result of the process called upwelling?

Deep water is moved to the surface when winds blow surface water offshore.

Which of the following is not an example of a human impact on intertidal habitats?

Intertidal organisms are exposed to air at low tides twice per day.

Chesapeake Bay is an example of _____.

a sheltered shore

A riparian zone is the transitional area between the _____ river channel and the terrestrial environment.

active

indian ocean

borders the eastern side of africa and western side of australia

atlantic ocean

borders the western side of africa

pacific ocean

borders the western side of the united states

Oxygen levels are generally highest in ______.

cold water

spring tide geometry

created when the earth-moon-sun system is in alignment

neap tide geometry

created when the moon is at a right angle from the sun in the earth-moon-sun system

One of the most severe human impacts on river systems has been the building of ____.

dams

The discharge of organic wastes and addition of nitrogen to estuary waters _____ oxygen directly or through increased primary production.

depletes

The Amazon River basin ______.

displays the great biodiversity characteristic of tropical rivers

Areas battered by the full force of ocean waves are called _____ shores.

exposed

True or false: The Mediterranean sea is one of the three major ocean basins.

false

True or false: The oceanic zone is over the continental shelf.

false

True or false: Water on earth is mostly freshwater, found in rivers, lakes, streams, and other bodies of water.

false

Atoll

formed from a submerged oceanic island and ring a lagoon

For tides to form, what force is in effect among the Sun, the Moon, and Earth?

gravity

The biodiversity of a tropical river is _____​_ a temperate river.

greater than

The ability of water to resist changes in temperature is related to its high specific

heat capacity

There is a _____​_ demand and _____​_ supply for coastal property, such as that near salt marshes.

high; low

The dynamic movement of water among reservoirs is called the

hydrologic cycle

Oxygen content of water is _____ correlated with temperature

inveresely

How does high tide level affects light intensity for intertidal organisms?

it is reduced because of higher water turbulence

A topographic depression in the landscape that collects water is called a(n) ____.

lake

The shallow shoreline that is under the influence of the change of tides is called the ____ zone or intertidal zone

littoral

Light intensity for intertidal organisms is highest at _____ tide.

low

A _____ forest is found at the transition between land and sea. They are typically concentrated along low-lying coasts with sandy shores.

mangrove

A ______ forest is found at the transition between land and sea. They are typically concentrated along low-lying coasts with sandy shores.

mangrove

Places, where people piled the remains of their seafood dinners, are evidence that intertidal areas have been used for harvesting organisms such as clams and mussels for food for many thousands of years. These deposits are called shell _____.

middens

What has the largest effect on the tides on the earth?

moon

Fringing Reed

near the shore of a continent or island

neap tide timing

occurs at times of the first-quarter moon and the third-quarter moon

spring tide timing

occurs at times of the new moon and full moon

The region beyond the continental shelf is called the _____ zone,

oceanic

The region beyond the continental shelf is called the _____ zone.

oceanic

The main problem with microplastics in aquatic environments, beyond the effect on any individual organism, is the _____.

poisoning of the food chain

Outside of the river channel, the transition between the aquatic environment and the terrestrial environment is called the _____ zone.

riparian

The amount of salt dissolved in water is called

salinity

The image shown is an example of a(n) _____ marsh, which is an example of a transition between land and sea.

salt

Salinity is the amount of _____ dissolved in _____.

salt; water

littoral zone

shallow shoreline under the influence of the rise and fall of the tides

Shores on the inside of headlands or in coves and bays are called _____ shores,

sheltered

Shores on the inside of headlands or in coves and bays are called _____ shores.

sheltered

Which of the following is not a way that lakes form?

temporary flooding of an estuary