chapter 3 - Health , Illness and disparities
A nurse is caring for a female client age 17 years whose left leg was amputated after being crushed in a motor vehicle accident. Which of the following interventions might the nurse perform to accommodate the cleint's intellectual dimension
) Teaching her how to care for the stump and explaining the rehabilitation program Explanation: The intellectual dimension encompasses cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences. These influence responses to teaching about health, and reactions to nursing care during illness. They also play a major role in health behaviors
A client makes a decision to quit smoking and joins a smoking cessation class. This is an example of which of Dunn's processes that help a person know who and what he or she is?
Dunn defined processes that help a person know who and what he or she is. These processes, which are a part of each individual's perception of his or her own wellness state, are being (recognizing self as separate and individual), belonging (being part of a whole), becoming (growing and developing), and befitting (making personal choices to befit the self for the future).
What level of prevention is noted when the nurse educates a group of mothers of school-age children on self breast examinations
Primary prevention focuses on the health of a person with the goal of preventing disease or illness. Self-breast examination education is primary prevention.
The nurse is giving a talk to a local community group on the harms of smoking. The nurse tells the group that a risk factor is something that increases a person's chances for illness or injury. What type of risk factor is smoking
Risk factors are defined as modifiable (things a person can change, such as quitting smoking) and nonmodifiable (things that cannot be changed, such as a family history of cancer). Primary and secondary are not associated with risk factors.
The nurse practitioner is discussing health promotion with a group of senior nursing students. What would be the best example of secondary health promotion
Secondary health promotion and illness prevention focus on screening for early detection of disease with prompt diagnosis and treatment of those found; this includes emotional issues, making family counseling the correct answer. Work place health and safety would be considered a primary health promotion activity, as would a weight loss clinic and an immunization clinic
Which of the following is an example of tertiary health promotion
Tertiary health promotion and disease prevention begins after an illness is diagnosed and treated to reduce disability and to help rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning. Therefore, rehabilitation is an example of tertiary health promotion. Family counseling and Pap tests are examples of secondary health promotion. Water treatment is an example of primary health promotion.
A nurse has chosen to characterize a new initiative as "wellness promotion" rather than "health promotion." Which of the following statements best describes the difference between the concept of wellness and the concept of health?
Good health is a passive state wherein the person is not ill. Wellness is a more active state, regardless of one's level of health. Wellness is not contingent on the resolution of disease or illness and it supersedes age. Both health and wellness can be influenced by nursing practice.
Primary prevention
Primary prevention focuses on the health of a person with the goal of preventing disease or illness. Self-breast examination education is primary prevention.
A woman over the age of 40 years has an annual mammogram. What level of prevention does this represent?
Secondary prevention -includes screening for those at risk to develop illness, or those who could be diagnosed early in the process, and thus receive prompt treatment.
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
The Agent-Host-Environment is useful for examining the cause of disease in an individual. The agent, host, and environment interact in ways that create risk factors. The Health-Illness Continuum is a way to measure a person's level of health. The High-Level Wellness Model is characterized by functioning to one's maximum potential while maintaining balance and purposeful direction in the environment. The Health Belief Model is used to describe health behaviors.
Health Promotion
The education on lifestyle choices is part of health promotion activity, which focuses on protecting the person's health. The goal of the prevention of illness is to detect and prevent the illness. High-level wellness focuses on maximizing the person's highest potential for functioning. Reversal of self-care deficits would involve therapeutic interventions that are directed at contributing factors
While providing client care, a nurse determines that a client adheres to the health belief model. Which of the following would the nurse need to assess as a factor possibly affecting the client's response to illness
The health belief model provides insight into the connection between the way a person sees his or her state of health, and that person's response to health, illness, and treatment. According to the health belief model, personality characteristics affect the person's response to illness. Nutritional awareness, stress management, and environmental sensitivity are wellness behaviors that promote healthy functioning and help prevent illness
Health
What is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
