Chapter 3 Health, Wellness and Health Disparities
The nurse should identify the need for further teaching when the client with diabetes who is taking daily insulin and follows a strict diet makes which statement?
"I cannot possibly ever be considered as healthy."
A pregnant client at 10 weeks' gestation is receiving education by the nurse about the importance of abstaining from alcohol while pregnant. What statement made by the client demonstrates an understanding of the education provided?
"I should abstain from alcohol to prevent the development of a fetal alcohol spectrum disorder."
A client who has recently been diagnosed with a chronic illness appears to be depressed. When the nurse asks if there is something wrong, the client states, "Nothing will ever be the same for me since I have this disease." What is the most appropriate response for the nurse?
"If you maintain a positive self-concept, you can live as normally as possible."
Risk factors for illness are divided into six categories. Working with carcinogenic chemicals is an example of which type of risk factor?
Environmental risk factor
Which are factors that impact how a client defines health? Select all that apply.
Family Culture Community Society
When providing care to a client, the nurse integrates knowledge that a client's beliefs and actions are related and influenced by the client's personal expectations in relation to health and illness. The nurse is demonstrating an understanding of which health model?
Health belief model
Which definition of health is the best?
Health is a state of complete well-being.
A client comes to the health center for a routine visit. During the visit, the client tells the nurse, "I'm motivated to do things now to make sure I'm the healthiest I can be." When planning this client's care, the nurse should focus on which area?
Health promotion
A nurse is caring for a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The nurse explains to the client that COPD is a chronic disease. Why is COPD considered a chronic disease?
It has a gradual onset and lasts for a long time.
The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the hospital with pneumonia and associated pleuritic chest pain. Which would be a priority when creating the nursing care plan?
Monitoring airway clearance
The nurse is preparing to talk to a local community group regarding chronic illness. The nurse informs the group that both external and internal factors influence a person's health. When discussing the fact that the male client has a higher chance of developing lung cancer due to his gender, which dimension is the nurse referring to?
Physical dimension
A nurse is immunizing children against measles. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
Primary
The nurse's community outreach class is giving a presentation on seat belts and child safety seats at the local firehouse every weekend in October. Which level of health promotion is this an example of?
Primary
What level of prevention is represented by educating a group of clients on carseat safety?
Primary prevention
Consultation and diagnostic tests are included in which level of health care?
Secondary care
Which lifestyle factor is associated with an increased risk for chronic diseases?
Smoking
Which nursing activity provides an example of primary prevention?
Teaching a family how to recognize and avoid environments containing lead paint
The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of heart failure. This admission is the client's third admission within 90 days. The nurse educates the client with the goal of preventing readmission. Which nursing activity for this client would represent tertiary level prevention?
Teaching about adhering to a low-sodium diet
A client has had a total knee replacement and is receiving care that includes learning to walk with a walker. What level of prevention is most applicable to this client?
Tertiary prevention
Which model is most useful in examining the cause of disease in an individual, based upon external factors?
The Agent-Host-Environment Model
A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is admitted to the hospital for the second time in 2 months with wheezing, dyspnea, and use of accessory muscles when breathing. Which type of situation does the nurse identify is occurring with this client?
The client is having an exacerbation of the COPD
The nurse is using Leavell and Clark's Agent-Host-Environment Health Model to help plan nursing interventions for clients in a hospital setting. Which examples of nursing actions to prevent hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) best illustrate the principles of this model? Select all that apply.
The nurse should assess the clients for risk factors for infection when planning nursing care. The nurse should consider the client's family history and age when assessing risk factors for infection. The nurse should examine environmental stressors in clients' lives to see how these stressors might affect their recovery and ability to ward off infection.
Which definition best describes acute illness?
The rapid onset of symptoms lasting a relatively short time
A client has a Staphylococcus infection in a decubitus ulcer. In this case, Staphylococcus is the:
agent
To be an effective change agent for wellness, the nurse must:
consume a healthy diet
The client experienced a stroke with left-sided weakness. The case manager determines that the client no longer requires acute care but currently is unable to return to the home environment. Which health care environment will be the appropriate referral option for this client?
extended care
As the staff reports for duty, each nurse and unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) checks the assignment board (above) to see what he or she will be responsible for during that shift. Which method of nursing is this facility utilizing to provide care to the clients?
functional nursing
A community health nurse arranges for a dentist to teach local children in the school district how to properly brush their teeth. Which goal will the nurse set for this event?
health promotion
The body's attempt to restore balance through self-regulatory mechanisms is termed:
homeostasis.
A nurse is planning a seminar for the local community. Which topic(s) are examples of primary prevention? Select all that apply.
information on smoking cessation examples of heart-healthy diet information on increasing activity and exercise
A nurse is providing care for client who experienced a stroke. Which nursing intervention reflects the tertiary level of prevention?
provide care transition at discharge for speech therapy
Chronic illness may be characterized by periods of remission. Remission is best defined as:
the presence of a disease with the absence of symptoms
An exacerbation refers to the reactivation of a disease. Which condition is associated with exacerbation?
Chronic illness
A nurse is planning a health fair in the community to highlight promotion and prevention of the leading cause of death in the United States. Which disease process should the nurse address?
Coronary artery disease
Why are health promotion and illness prevention a key responsibility of nurses?
Chronic illnesses are the leading health problem in the world
The nurse is caring for a very active, athletic adolescent recently diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. The client appears to be withdrawn and depressed when the nurse asks how the client is doing today. Using the health belief model, what step(s) will the nurse take to create a plan of care for this client? Select all that apply.
Encourage the client to participate in as many activities as he or she can tolerate and provide information for health counselling. Review possible outcomes of the diagnosis with the client, allowing the client to express concerns while providing support. Conduct an in-depth interview of the client's previous health issues, how the client reacted to the illness, and what support system the client has.
A client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis, with a random blood glucose reading of 575 mg/dL (31.91 mmol/L), vomiting, and shortness of breath. This client has experienced which phenomenon?
Exacerbation
Which is an example of tertiary health promotion?
Rehabilitation
The nurse is certified in providing Therapeutic Touch and is preparing to initiate this for a client. What activity should the nurse perform first?
Requesting the client's permission to touch the body
What are some examples of healthy self-care behaviors everyone should adopt? Select all that apply.
Sleeping 7 to 8 hours each night Eating regular healthy meals Maintaining an ideal body weight
Which needs are being met when a nurse recommends a senior citizen community center for an older client who is living alone?
Sociocultural needs
Which nursing intervention is an example of tertiary preventive care?
Assisting with speech therapy a client with a traumatic brain injury
Which scenario accurately depicts the influence of one's religious beliefs?
A client who practices Orthodox Judaism will not eat pork
What is the definition of wellness?
An active state of being healthy
Which are characteristics of chronic conditions?
Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course
Which are characteristics of chronic conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Are rarely curable Require lifelong management Have a prolonged course
A nurse refers an HIV-positive client to a local support group. This is an example of what level of preventive care?
What people believe to be true about their health
The nurse in a free clinic caring for clients uses the Health Belief Model, which is based on three components. What is the main focus for this model?
What people believe to be true about their health
A student nurse is preparing a poster for a health fair which will compare the various types of methods used to pay for health care. Which factor(s) should the student include in the managed care section? Select all that apply.
uses resources efficiently provides education to reduce risk of disease bargains with providers for reasonably priced quality care