Chapter 3 MGT 291
When were the Baby Boomers born? A. 1922-1943 B. 1943-1963 C. 1964-1980 D. 19080-2000
B. 1943-1963
What term refers to physical and observable characteristics of individuals, including gender, ethnicity, and age? A. concrete characteristics B. demographic characteristics C. personality traits D. mental abilities
B. demographic characteristics
Which generation is the youngest? A. Seniors B. Baby boomers C. Generation X D. Generation Y
D. Generation Y
Age has an effect on ______. A. values B. skills C. Expectations D. all of these
D. all of these
In the US, people from minority backgrounds are more likely to _________ A. feel stress B. feel threatened by stereotypes C. perceive discrimination D. all of these
D. all of these
According to research, the "Big Five" personality dimensions only apply to Americans (T/F)
False
An internal locus of control is negatively related to both job satisfaction and job performance (T/F)
False
An internal locus of control is related to passivity and learned helplessness (T/F)
False
Carl Jung always intended for his work to be applied to a personality inventory (T/F)
False
Conscientiousness and knowledge decrease with age (T/F)
False
Generalizing to everyone based on a demographic characteristic is usually a good idea (T/F)
False
In reverse mentoring, the focus is on transferring the skills of the senior employee to the junior employee (T/F)
False
There are more people in Generation X than in Generation Y (T/F)
False
There is a lot of evidence that well-developed tests predict job or training success better for members of majority groups (T/F)
False
Women and generally more Machiavellian than men (T/F)
False
The relationship between personality and behavior changes depending on the strength of the situation we are in (T/F)
True
Traits describe what people do, but not why they do it (T/F)
True
High Type As need _______ stimulation than Type Bs, and are ________ likely to over-schedule themselves. a. more, less b. less, more c. more, more d. less, less
c. more, more
What percent of the U.S. workforce reports either being bullied at work or witnessing bullying? a . 19 b . 49 c . 79 d . 99
b. 49
We behave in ways consistent with out traits because of our _________ a. needs b. motives c. both of these d. neither of these
c. both of these
Which of the following increase(s) with age? A. knowledge B. conscientiousness c. both of these d. neither of these
c. both of these
Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being careful, thorough, responsible, organized, and planful as well as being hardworking, achievement-oriented, and persistent? a . extroversion b . agreeableness c . conscientiousness d . openness to experience
c. conscientiousness
A/an _______ locus of control is related to passivity and learned helplessness and a/an _________ locus of control has been positively related to confidence in one's ability to successfully perform tasks. a. positive, negative b. negative, positive c. external internal d. internal, external
c. external, internal
What term refers to an anticipatory feeling of anxiety about attempting a challenging tasking, failing, and appearing incompetent? a. social anxiety b. phobia c. fear of failure d. perfectionism
c. fear of failure
What term refers to a person's commitment to another person, task or organization? a. ethics b. attachment c. loyalty d. self-interest
c. loyalty
Individual differences are important to organizations because they influence ____ A. job performance B. turnover C. both of these D. neither of these
C. both of these
The principle of hiring fun people with a creative spirit is central to what airline's business strategy? A. Southwest B. Delta C. Continental D. United
A. Southwest
Awareness of subgroup differences on standardized tests creates frustration among minority test takers and ultimately lower test scores. What is this phenomenon called? A. stereotype treat B. unreliability C. invalidity D. group judgment
A. stereotype threat
African Americans tend to underperform whites on commonly used mental ability tests. (T/F)
True
An internal locus of control has been positively related to confidence in one's ability to successfully perform tasks (T/F)
True
Because they are so complex, mental ability tests cannot be computerized (T/F)
True
Being afraid of failing can actually increase the chances that we will fail by interfering with our performance (T/F)
True
Beliefs in one's skill adequacy influence decisions to exert and maintain effort, particularly in the face of challenges. (T/F)
True
Speed of processing slows as age increases (T/F)
True
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven universal emotions? a . joy b . confusion c . fear d . surprise
b. confusion
Personality traits are associate with which of the following? a. motivational states b. assessments of situations c. self-set goals d. all of these
d. all of these
Which of the following trait(s) decline(s) with age? a . extraversion b . neuroticism c . openness d . all of these
d. all of these
Which of the following traits is/are related to job satisfaction? a . extraversion b . agreeableness c . emotional stability d . all of these
d. all of these
Workplace bullying can include which of the following? a. verbal abuse b. threats c. intimidation d. all of these
d. all of these
Employees with a fear of failure are likely to do which of the following? a. disperse responsibility with others b. choose to set lower goals c. choose easier tasks d. any of these
d. any of these
If achievement motivation and fear of failure are both very low, the person is likely to feel _________ about achievement-oriented situations a. excited b. scared c. sad d. indifferent
d. indifferent
Consistent differences have been found between men and women when it comes to ____________ a. analytical skills b. problem-solving c. motivation d. none of these
d. none of these
__________ people like to get things decided quickly while __________ people prefer to stay open to new information and options. a . Judging, perceiving b . Perceiving, judging c . Thinking, feeling d . Feeling, thinking
a. Judging, perceiving
Which personality inventory is based on Carl Jung's work on psychological types? a . Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) b . Personal Globe Inventory (PGI) c . Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) d . Self-Directed Search (SDS)
a. Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)
Which term refers to the degree to which a person generally perceives events to be under his or her control or under the control of others? a. locus of control b. perception of power c. learned helplessness d. self esteem
a. locus of control
Managers should place individuals with a _____ tolerance for ambiguity in well-defined and regulated tasks. a. low b. high c. medium d. any of these
a. low
People with an internal locus of control tend to be _____ socially integrated at work and report ______ favorable relationships with their supervisors. a. more, more b. less, less c. more, less d. less, more
a. more, more
Which trait is strongly related to success in expatriate assignments? a . openness to experience b . conscientiousness c . extraversion d . agreeableness
a. openness to experience
Logical-Mathematical intelligence is most important for whom? a . statisticians b . beauty consultants c . salespeople d . radio hosts
a. statisticians
When drought threatened the survival of Ohio farming co-op Auglaize Provico, CEO Larry Hammond changed the business strategy, focusing on employee's _________. a . strengths b . weaknesses c . IQs d . extraversion.
a. strengths
Who theorized that there are a number of distinct forms of intelligence that each individual possesses in varying degrees? a . Stanford b . Gardner c . Wechsler d . Kaufman
b. Gardner
Who was the first psychologist to examine the concept of personality traits? a. Paul T Costa, Jr. b. Gordon W. Allport c. Robert R. McCrae d. Isabel Briggs Myers
b. Gordon W. Allport
_____________ reflects a tendency to perceive or interpret information marked by vague, incomplete, fragmented, multiple, inconsistent, or contradictory meanings as actual or potential sources of psychological discomfort or treat. a. Tolerance for ambiguity b. Intolerance for ambiguity c. Fear of failure d. Fear of success
b. Intolerance for ambiguity
____________ people are detail oriented and want facts. a . Intuitive b . Sensing c . Extraverted d . Introverted
b. sensing
What type of personality has been defined as someone who "employs aggressive, manipulative, exploiting, and devious moves to achieve personal or organizational objectives?" a . Type A b . Type B c . Machiavellian d . Avoidant
c. Machiavellian
An internal locus of control is positively related to which of the following? a. job satisfaction b. job performance c. both of these d. neither of these
c. both of these
What term refers to the dynamic mental attributes and processes that determine individuals' emotional and behavioral adjustments to their environments? a. values b. talent c. personality d. intelligence
c. personality
Personality affects which of the following? a. choice of career b. how long we stay with an employer c. job satisfaction d. all of these
d. all of these
What term refers to an interpersonal capability that includes the ability to perceive and express emotions, to understand and use them, and to manage emotions in oneself and other people? a . general mental ability b . information processing capacity c . verbal ability d . emotional intelligence
d. emotional intelligence
Which of the following is NOT one of the five dimensions of emotional intelligence? a . self-awareness b . self-motivation c . self-management d . self-interest
d. self-interest
Experts process and organize information more effectively and accurately than novices (T/F)
True
Facial expression recognition is a malleable skill; it can be developed (T/F)
True
Great managers understand each of their employee's talents and create the perfect role for each person (T/F)
True
If both achievement motivation and fear of failure are strong or moderate, intense approach-avoidance conflicts are likely to result (T/F)
True
It is best to assume that there is no meaningful difference in managerial performance between women and men (T/F)
True
Rather than using a demographic characteristic to make organizational decisions, it is best to focus on the underlying characteristic that drives any differences in behavior (T/F)
True
Relative to younger adults, older adults tend to have access to a wider amount and variety of information, although they are less able to process novel information quickly (T/F)
True
Some aspects of conscientiousness, including dependability, order, and dutifulness, can reduce performance when adaptability to changing task conditions is important (T/F)
True
Stress can cause an increase in blood pressure (T/F)
True
The NFL uses mental ability tests (T/F)
True
Type A's are more prone to stress and coronary heart disease than Type B's (T/F)
True
We have a tendency to favor colleagues of our own race in hiring, performance evaluations, pay raises and promotions
True
___________ people are decisive and planful while ____________ people are adaptable, spontaneous, and curious. a. Thinking, feeling b . Feeling, thinking c . Judging, perceiving d . Perceiving, judging
c. Judging, perceiving
What term refers to an individual's general strategy for dealing with other people and the degree to which they feel they can manipulate others in interpersonal situations? a . Darwinism b . emotional stability c . Machiavellianism d . Borderline Personality Disorder
c. Machiavellianism
______________ assess general mental abilities including verbal and mathematical reasoning, logic, and perceptual abilities. a . Personality tests b . Achievement tests c . Mental ability tests d . Vocational tests
c. Mental ability tests
Individuals targeted by bullies sometimes suffer from which of the following? a . panic attacks b . clinical depression c . post-traumatic stress d . all of these
d. all of these
People who are _______________ seem to be more likely to be bullied. a . more introverted b . less agreeable c . more emotionally unstable d . all of these
d. all of these
Lower emotional stability may result in reductions in attention and reduced motivation, in part through reductions in self-confidence (T/F)
True
Machiavellians tend to be impersonal and opportunistic (T/F)
True
Managers whose achievement motivation is greater than their need to avoid failure tend to be promoted more rapidly (T/F)
True
Openness is also related to success in expatriate assignments (T/F)
True
People high in achievement motivation are willing to dedicate significant effort to achieve ambitious goals and tasks, often for long periods (T/F)
True
People with Type A personalities often experience a frustrated sense of wasting time when not actively engaged in productivity (T/F)
True
People with a higher tolerance for ambiguity tend to believe that a certain amount of conflict is healthy (T/F)
True
When people believe they have what it takes to succeed, they tend to exert more effort and avoid focusing on their doubts and challenges that arise. (T/F)
True
One study found that ______ anxiety and _______ motivation predicted African American's increased likelihood of withdrawing from a job selection process. A. lower, higher B. higher, lower C. appropriate, irrational D. irrational, appropriate
B. higher, lower
In the realm of skills assessment (like hiring assessments), individuals from minority backgrounds are _____ likely to perceive tests as being relevant and _____ likely to feel the situation is fair A. more, less B. less, more C. less, less D. more, more
C. less, less
Members of which generation are the most technologically savvy? A. Seniors B. Baby boomers C. Generation X D. Generation Y
D. Generation Y
Which generation is the most diverse? A. Seniors B. Baby boomers C. Generation X D. Generation Y
D. Generation Y
The concept of Machiavellianism is based on what publication? a . The Prince b . The Frog Prince c . The Little Prince d . The Princess and the Pea
a. The Prince
People who are impatient, competitive, ambitious, and uptight are said to have what personality type? a. Type A b. Type B c. Type C d. Type D
a. Type A
___________ bullying victims sue or complain to state or federal agencies. a . Very few b . Most c . All d .No
a. Very few
Someone who micromanages, seeks absolute control of everything, has an inflated self-image, and fear chaos is referred to as _____________. a . a control freak b . antisocial c . grandiose d . a subordinate
a. a control freak
Spatial-Visual intelligence is most important for whom? a . artists b . lawyers c . accountants d . politicians
a. artists
In the US, diversity is decreasing.
False
Introverted, formal, soft-spoken people would fit in well as employees at Southwest Airlines (T/F)
False
Introverts cannot be social (T/F)
False
More open individuals are less receptive to experiencing and learning new things (T/F)
False
People with Type B personalities have no stress at all (T/F)
False
Personality does not change with age (T/F)
False
Personality is completely determined by genetics (T/F)
False
Personality is unstable in the context of work (T/F)
False
Some managers are able to eliminate all ambiguity from their workplaces (T/F)
False
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator is highly reliable (T/F)
False
The concept of emotional intelligence is not supported by research (T/F)
False
How many generations are currently represented in the workforce? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4
D. 4
What term refers to a repeated mistreatment of another employee through verbal abuse, conduct that is threatening, humiliating, or intimidating, or sabotage that interferes with the other person's work? a . workplace bullying b . sexual harassment c . organizational politics d . none of these
a. workplace bullying
Machiavellian employees are______ likely to be loyal to their job or organization. a . more b . less c . just as d . none of these
b. less
What term refers to the practice of pairing a senior employee with a junior employee to transfer the skills of the junior employee to the senior employee? a. backwards teaching b. bottom-up leadership c. reverse mentoring d. opposite training
c. reverse mentoring
Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being imaginative, cultured, curious, broad-minded, and artistically sensitive? a . emotional stability b . agreeableness c . conscientiousness d . openness to experience
d. openness to experience
______________ value fairness, and decide things impersonally based on objective criteria and logic. a . Extraverts b . Introverts c . Feelers d . Thinkers
d. thinkers
Wanting to reduce our fear of failure _______ our interest in pursuing achievement-related goals or _______ our intent to quit challenging tasks quickly if success is not immediate. a. decreases, increases b. increases, decreases c. changes, does not change d. does not change, changes
a. decreases, increase
Managers with a low tolerance for ambiguity tend to be more _________ with their staff and don't empower them to make their own decisions at work a. directive b. flexible c. passive d. open
a. directive
Which two of the "Big Five" personality dimensions have the strongest and most consistently positive relationship with performance motivation? a . emotional stability and conscientiousness b . agreeableness and openness to experience c . conscientiousness and agreeableness d . extroversion and emotional stability
a. emotional stability and conscientiousness
Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions refers to being sociable, assertive, talkative, and energetic? a . extroversion b . emotional stability c . agreeableness d . conscientiousness
a. extroversion
Bodily-kinesthetic intelligence is more important for whom? a. firefighters b. authors c. doctors d. engineers
a. firefighters
Which term refers to the capacity to rapidly and fluidly acquire, process, and apply information? a . general mental ability b . information processing capacity c . verbal ability d . emotional intelligence
a. general mental ability
The motto of a/an ___________ is "ready, aim, aim," whereas the motto of a/an ____________ is "ready, fire, aim." a . introvert, extravert b . extravert, introvert c . bully, supervisor d . supervisor, bully
a. introvert, extravert
______________ need quiet time to recharge their batteries. a . Introverts b . Extroverts c . Feelers d . Thinkers
a. introverts
What term refers to any personality, value, attitude, interest, or lifestyle attribute? a. psychographic characteristics b. psychotropic characteristics c. psychomotor characteristics d. psychotic characteristics
a. psychographic characteristics
What is the most powerful force affecting loyalty and ethics? a . self interest b . religion c . income d . anxiety
a. self interest
Researchers have identified a lack of ______ as the prevalent attitude that reduces prosocial behavior, or acts of kindness that benefit others including sharing, cooperating, and helping. a . time b . money c . energy d . caring
a. time
What term refers to a tendency to behave consistently over time and in a variety of situations? a. trait b. state c. variation d. emotion
a. trait
When situational pressures are______, we are better able to be ourselves and let our personalities guide our behaviors. a . weak b . strong c . intense d . negative
a. weak
People who are relaxed and easy going are said to have what personality type? a. A b. B c. C d. D
b. Type B
What term refers to strong desires to accomplish something important, and take pleasure in succeeding at something important and demanding? a. power hunger b. achievement motivation c. success drive d. need for control
b. achievement motivation
Someone who is ____________ takes what he or she wants, lies to get ahead, and lacks both a conscience and a capacity for empathy. a . controlling b . antisocial c . histrionic d . avoidant
b. antisocial
Interpersonal intelligence is most important for whom? a . chefs b . educators c . scientists d . inventors
b. educators
Expert Daniel Goleman defines________________ as "the capacity for recognizing our own feelings and those of others, for motivating ourselves, and for managing emotions well in ourselves and in our relationships" a . empathy b . emotional intelligence c . emotional instability d . compassion
b. emotional intelligence
Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with not being anxious, depressed, angry, anxious, and insecure? a . extroversion b . emotional stability c . agreeableness d . openness to experience
b. emotional stability
What term refers to the manner in which individuals process and organize information during learning? a . general mental ability b . information processing capacity c . verbal ability d . emotional intelligence
b. information processing capacity
Which of Gardner's multiple intelligences refers to self-awareness? a . bodily-kinesthetic intelligence b . intrapersonal intelligence c . interpersonal intelligence d . musical intelligence
b. intrapersonal intelligence
Highly Machiavellian people are ______ ethically sensitive than are lower Machiavellian people and agree ______ with ethical policies or rules of behavior. a . more, more b . less, less c . more, less d . less, more
b. less, less
Research suggests that, in general, age has a/an _________ relationship with learning a. positive b. negative c. insignificant d. misunderstood
b. negative
Eighty one percent of bully behavior is done by whom? a . administrative assistants b . supervisors c . women d . younger employees
b. supervisors
Conscientiousness is positively associated with which of the following? a . training performance b . confidence in abilities c . both of these d . neither of these
c. both of these
Emotional Intelligence has been found to be ____________ personality dimensions. a . related to b . distinct from c . both of these d . neither of these
c. both of these
Personality is a product of ______________. a . heredity b . environment c . both of these d . neither of these
c. both of these
Type As are more prone to stress and coronary heart disease. a . stress b . coronary heart disease c . both of these d . neither of these
c. both of these
Linguistic intelligence is most important for whom? a . doctors b . musicians c . translators d . researchers
c. translators
How many personality types are there according to the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator? a . 2 b . 4 c . 8 d . 16
d. 16
Which of the "Big Five" personality dimensions is associated with being polite, flexible, trusting, cooperative, forgiving, and tolerant? a . extroversion b . emotional stability c . conscientiousness d . agreeableness
d. agreeableness
All managers must deal with ambiguity in which of the following a. making decisions b. setting goals for employees c. planning for the future d. all of these
d. all of these
Bullying costs employers through which of the following? a . higher turnover b . greater absenteeism c . higher workers' compensation costs d . all of these
d. all of these
Emotional intelligence is related to which of the following? a . job performance b . adjustments to stressful situations c . prosocial behaviors d . all of these
d. all of these
General mental ability involves which of the following? a . reasoning b . remembering c . understanding d . all of these
d. all of these
General mental ability tests examine which of the following? a . verbal and mathematical reasoning b . logic c . perceptual abilities d all of these
d. all of these
High Machiavellians exhibit which of the following? a . resistance to social influence b . orientation to cognitions rather than emotions c . bossiness d . all of these
d. all of these