chapter 3

which post Civil War amendment required states to give their residence due process of law?

14th amendment

During the direst part of the Great Depression, approximately ______ percent of the nation's workers was unemployed.

25

in 2010, the democratic controlled Congress passed the ______, One of the largest expansions of federal authority since the 1960s.

Affordable Care Act

rather than using the 14th amendment to protect freed slaves, in 1886 the Supreme Court interpreted the amendment to provide protection to ______.

Businesses

The Constitution's commerce clause says that ______ shall have the power to "regulate commerce" among the states.

Congress

during the great depression, after 1935 the Supreme Court loosen restrictions on _____ congresses ability to regulate commerce the banking industry congresses taxing and spending power federal intervention in state segregating laws

Congresses ability to regulate commerce the banking industry Congresses taxing and spending power

prior to the great depression, the ______ party supported greater regulation of business and more rights for labor, while the _____ party was ideologically committed to free markets and smaller government.

Democratic and Republican

True or false: Block grants are more restrictive than categorical grants and how they can be used

False

True or false: in cases such as Lockner versus New York and hammer versus Dagenhart, the Supreme Court increased the power of the federal and state governments to regulate business, the strengthening the principle of self government.

False

The Constitution enumerates powers for which level of government?

Federal

a _____ System of government is one in which the power to govern is shared between the national government and smaller governments, with each retaining some exclusive power.

Federal

The expenditure of federal funds and programs run in part to state and local governments is known as

Fiscal federalism

Republicans we captured congressional control in 1994, they moved to

Give more power to the state and local governments

which of the following cases did the Supreme Court argue that the 10th amendment gave the states, and not the federal government, the power to regulate factory practices?

Hammer V Dagenhart

Which of the following factors contributed to the economic decline of the states and the need for a wholesale federal assistance program, such as the new deal? Increased immigration from foreign nations increase demand welfare assistance decreasing populations due to migration declining tax revenues due to increased unemployment

Increase demand welfare assistance declining tax revenues due to increased unemployment

The Republican controlled Congress removed what provision of the affordable care act in 2017?

Individuals were required to pay a penalty if they did not have insurance. individuals were required to pay penalty if they did not have insurance.

what happens in one part of the country affects what happens in other parts of the country because of ______

Interdependency

what did the Supreme Court rule concerning the interstate commerce causing the 1890s?

It covers only transportation of goods, not their manufacture.

Why were the anti-federalist concerned about the passage of the necessary and proper clause?

It provided a constitutional basis for expanding federal power

Government funded programs like Medicaid are administered _______

Jointly by the national and state governments

The anti-Federalist believed that state centered government helped to serve the peoples interest by promoting which two core democratic values?

Liberty self government

which of the following entities are in a competitive situation regarding taxation? Nations localities states

Localities states

In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court block states from regulating labor prices, concluding that doing so would Baile factory owners property rights.

Lochner versus New York

in which of the following cases did the Supreme Court actor protect businesses from Congress as attempts to regulate them under his authority to regulate commerce?

Lochner versus New York, Hammer versus Dagenhart

in the US federal system, which of the following are the national governments responsibility? military defense fire protection public education currency regulation

Military defense currency regulation

what did the Supreme Court decide in McCulloch versus Maryland (1819)

National law override state law the necessary and proper clause implies the power to establish a national bank

because of supreme court decisions that invalidated new deal programs, in 1937 president Roosevelt put forth a plan to increase the number of justices in order to swing the court to a side. How is the situation resolved?

One justice inexplicably changed sides, giving Roosevelt the majority he wanted.

The necessary and proper, Or elastic, cause of the Constitution provides Congress with

Powers that are not listed in the constitution but are needed to exercise a list of powers

Which of the following are primary goals of the welfare reform bill called the personal responsibility and work opportunity act, passed by Congress in 1996? Reduce federal spending on welfare reduce the number of welfare recipients increase the states to discretion in administering welfare programs improved administration of aid to veterans and their families diversified the type of benefits offered to recipients

Reduce federal spending on welfare reduce the number of welfare recipients increase the states discretion and in administering welfare programs

The president who began to move power, funds common responsibility back to the states in what was called new federalism was

Ronald Reagan

In the case of Plessy versus Ferguson, the Supreme Court established the —— Doctrine, arguing that it did not violate the 14th amendment equal protection clause

Separate but equal

The Dred Scott decision involves the issue of

Slavery

as part of its ruling in dread Scott versus Sanford 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress lacked the power to outlaw______ in the states.

Slavery

The articles of confederation created a union of

States

Why do states continue to accept federal grant money?

States depend on the federal grant money to meet policy needs.

which of the following statements best represents the American constitutional model of federalism?

The Constitution grants sovereignty to both the national and state governments.

Which of the following best describes the doctrine of dual federalism?

The Supreme Court maintained a precise separation of state power and national power.

which of the following happens during the new deal period? The Supreme Court struck down key pieces of the new deal programs. Franklin Roosevelt's programs lost him the 1936 election. The new deal programs were not as popular with voters as they were with the Supreme Court. The new deal programs thrust federal power into policy areas previously reserved for the states.

The Supreme Court struck down key pieces of the new deal programs. The new deal programs thrust federal power into policy areas previously reserved for the states.

What was the legal argument in McCulloch versus Maryland against the federal government establishing a national bank

The constitution did not expressly authorized the establishment of a national bank

Which of the following actions gave the national government more power than states during George W. Bush his presidency?

The creation of the department of homeland security

which of the following has occurred under cooperative federalism? The state governments have refused to accept support from the federal government. State governments have washed their hands of numerous responsibilities previously held by states. The federal government has been more heavily involved in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states. The state governments have together assumed powers that the national government traditionally held.

The federal government has been more heavily involved in policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.

which of the following are reasons why the policy role of the federal government has expanded greatly since the early 20th century? The federal government has superior tax and capacity. Americans expect government help. American societies highly interdependent. Americans trust the federal government more than they trust their own state and local governments.

The federal government has superior tax and capacity. Americans expect government help. American society is highly interdependent.

Why are the states constitutional powers called reserved powers?

The language of the Constitution reserves all powers not delegated to the national government to the states.

under the articles of confederation, what problem arose because the national government had no power to levy taxes on it citizens

The nation could not maintain an army or navy.

which of the following were the major weaknesses of the articles of Confederation? The national army picked fights with a smaller, weaker state armies. The national government had no power to tax. The state governments refused to sell weapons to other states in times of military need. The national government had no power to regulate interstate commerce.

The national government had no power to tax. The national government had no power to regulate interstate commerce.

which of the following best describes the limit that dual federalism places on national government power? dual federalism left racial policy up to the sole discretion of the national government. The national government is limited to providing national defense and enforcing foreign policy. Dual federalism does not limit the national government. The national government is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.

The national government is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states.

which of the following statements are true of the US federal system? The national government has steadily lost power since harry Truman's presidency dual federalism characterize the modern federal system the national government now operates in many policy areas traditionally reserved to the states the authority of the national government has expanded greatly since the 1930s

The national government now operates in many policy areas traditionally reserved to the states. the authority of the national government has expanded greatly since the 1930s.

When the constitution was being drafted, leaders such as Patrick Henry objected to the idea of strong national government because

The national government would have direct authority over the people

according to the decision in United States versus butler, Congress's spending power is based upon, and limited by, ______

The need to provide for the general welfare

which of the following are the two most important forces in the evolution of the American federal structure? The desire of the states to surrender power to the national government the strength of contending interest that sought to change the balance of power between the nations and the states the actions of some states to secede from the union the countries changing needs

The strength of contending interest that salt to change the balance of power between the nations and the states the country's changing needs

in the US system, what is the relationship between the state governments in the local governments within each state?

The system is unitary. The states create counties and cities and can abolish them if they choose.

how are the framers have reacts reacted to the ways in which federal power have evolved over the decades?

They would be largely unsurprised

How many distinct historical areas of federalism have occurred in the United States

Three

True or false: Madison and Hamilton thought that the federal structure would encourage the state and national governments to check each other if either became abusive to individual freedom

True

True or false: during the 1930s, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the power to regulate all aspects of commerce because an industrial economy could not be confined to one state and this must be subject to a national regulation.

True

True or false: prior to the passage of the United States Constitution, most of the states governed under their own state constitutions, which dated back to the colonial era.

True

The most significant change right by the Republican revolution was the 1996 _____Reform act

Welfare

in Federalist No. 10, Madison said that American liberties would be protected by

a large republic

when the great depression hit, republican president Herbert Hoover ____

continued to fight against government intervention in the economy.

A recent trend in intergovernmental relations to pass down authority from the national government and state and local governments is known as

devolution

What are the power specifically given to the national government by the Constitution called?

enumerated

McCulloch and Gibbons decisions both expanded state power relied upon the inviolability of the reserved powers expanded national power relied upon the necessary and proper cause

expanded national power relied upon the necessary and proper cause

Why is the Necessary and Proper Clause called the "elastic clause?"

give the national government powers it needs to carry out its enumerated powers

Compared to categorical grants, the use of block grants

is less narrowly defined, which means the recipients enjoy greater discretion

What is the purpose of the supremacy clause of the United States Constitution?

it makes national laws the supreme law of the land

The justices of the post-Civil War Supreme Court mostly favored ________.

laissez-faire capitalism

Which of these is the primary objection to federal grants in aid?

money comes with strings attached, which allows the national government to much control over state policy making

which of the following statements about federalism is accurate? State governments can abolish the national government. Neither the national nor state government has the right to abolish the other. The national government can abolish state governments.

neither the national north state government has the right to abolish the other.

In the spirit of devolution, President Ronald Reagan proposed a type of federalism, called "______ federalism" that would give more control to the states and localities.

new

at the time that Medicare and Medicaid programs are enacted, the public ______

overwhelmingly supported them

An 1886 Supreme Court ruling determined that corporations were

persons

What was behind the 1990s era rollback a federal authority?

public opinion

A key factor in the struggle between the national and state governments to define the boundaries of federal state power has been

public support for federal policies compared with state policies.

In Federalist No. 28, Hamilton stated that the people would have an "instrument of redress," should they wish to challenge established power. What was that instrument?

state power against national power, or national power against state power

The reserved powers in the US system of government fall to the

states

chief justice John marshal's ruling's generally

supported the idea of expanding federal power

A system in which the national government alone has sovereignty is called

unitary

A system in which the national government alone has sovereignty is called a

unitary