Chapter 3 Psych

On a bright, sunny day, Manny leaves a dimly-lit movie theater and goes out into the street. The _____ in his eyes adjust to the sudden increase in light.

Pupils

Which of the following is not a principle of Gestalt psychology?

Weight

1. Sensation is

a. The sense organs' detection of external physical stimulus and the transmission of information about this stimulus to the brain

6. According to the trichromatic theory of color vision, we perceive color as the result of

a. the action of three types of cones in the retina.

5. The blind spot is the place on the retina where

c the optic nerve leaves the eye toward the brain.

As you walk into a brightly lit room, the black structure in the center of your eye seems to shrink to a tiny black dot. This response is caused by the action of the eye structure called the:

iris

The blind spot:

is insensitive to visual stimulation.

The __________ conducts sensory input to the brain, where it is relayed to the visual area of the occipital lobe.

optic nerve

The thin, light sensitive membrane that lies at the back of the eye and contains the sensory receptors for light is the ____.

retina

How many rods does each eye contain?

125 million

Cones allow us to see in black and white, while rods provide color vision. Cones are more sensitive to dim light than rods are.

False

4. "Aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat ltteer be at the rghit pclae. The rset can be a total mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit porbelm."

A Top-down processes

The axon bundle that transmits neural impulses from the organ of Corti to the brain is known as the__________.

Auditory nerve

2. The fact that we can still read the words on a newspaper that has been partially covered by a spilled box of toothpicks demonstrates the gestalt perceptual organizing principle of...

B Closure

1. In ___, your perception of a specific bird is guided by your higher-level knowledge of birds, your experiences with other birds, and your expectations about birds.

B Top- down processing

If you look at a painting on the other side of the room with first your right and then your left eye, the images look virtually identical. However, if you place your index finger in front of your nose one eye at a time, the two images look very different from one another. The phenomenon is an example of which distance cue?

Binocular Cues

3. You are watching Dancing with the Stars. Two contestants—one tall, thin male and one short, heavy female—are holding each other close and waltzing together. Which of the following grouping principles is likely to help you perceptually group the two dancers together?

C. Proximity

Visual acuity is highest when images are focused on the fovea because of the high concentration of ____ in the region.

Cones

6. An explanation of the moon illusion is that it is due to...

D Misapplication of distance cues and size constancy.

5. A motorcycle is traveling on the highway at night, with a small flashlight taped to the burned-out headlamp. Oncoming motorists mistake the motorcycle as being further away than it really is. This perceptual error involves...

D Relative Size

The _____ refers to the smallest possible stimulus that can be detected half the time, or the minimum level of stimuli that we can detect.

Difference threshold

Why do the two lines in the Müller-Lyer illusion appear to be of different lengths even though they are the same length?

Due to the principles of perceptual organization.

When we think of the eye as the camera to the world, the photosensitive surface is called the lens, which contains photoreceptors called rods and cones.

False

Which of the following statements is true of the absolute threshold?

It is determined by exposing individuals to progressively stronger stimuli until the minimum stimuli the person can detect is found.

When Darren first started working in the poultry plant, he found the smell from the chickens to be overwhelming. However, he gradually became accustomed to the smell, and now it no longer bothers him. This scenario illustrates an instance of _____.

Negative Adaptation

_____ is a monocular cue for depth based on the coming together of parallel lines as they recede into the distance.

Perspective

Jeff observed a quick succession of cars moving together on the road. His first thought was that they were all a part of a convoy of some sort. Which law of perceptual organization best explains Jeff's assumption?

The law of common fate

__________ refers to the tendency to perceive a broken figure as being complete or whole.

The principle of closure

The difference between sensation and perception is that sensation, or the stimulation of our senses, is an automated process resulting from sources of energy (light and sound) or the presence of chemicals (as in taste and smell), while perception is an active process in which sensations are organized and interpreted to form an inner representation of the world.

True

3. Cyra likes listening to music before going to sleep, but she gets in trouble if she plays her music after 10 pm. Cyra knows that if her parents can't hear the music, she will not get into trouble. But, even though the music is playing very softly, her parents can detect the music 75 percent of the time. The point at which Cyra has the volume set is ______.

c. above her parents' absolute threshold

4. Brad damaged some of the sensory receptors in his visual system. Which of the following was damaged?

d. Cones

2. When Marla first moved to New York City, she could hardly sleep because of all the noise coming. But after a month or two, she stopped noticing these noises, and now she feels like she would have a hard time sleeping in a quiet country village. What explains this change?

d. sensory adaptation